鄂倫春語親屬稱謂研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-17 06:02
【摘要】：本文以歷經(jīng)諸多文化變遷的鄂倫春語親屬稱謂為研究對象,立足于親屬稱謂的系統(tǒng)描寫,綜合運用人類語言學(xué)、民族學(xué)、渾沌學(xué)、認知語言學(xué)的理論與方法,研究親屬稱謂系統(tǒng)的共時狀態(tài)與歷時演變。共時研究從語義學(xué)、形態(tài)學(xué)、語用學(xué)、類型學(xué)四個方面考察鄂倫春親屬稱謂系統(tǒng),為歷時研究作鋪墊。歷時研究旨在探尋語言文化接觸與變遷的實質(zhì)。在接觸過程中,地理毗鄰程度、政治經(jīng)濟文化地位、人口比例、接觸程度等因素決定了所接觸的語言文化之間相互影響的程度。地理上毗鄰為語言文化接觸提供了前提；在地理毗鄰的前提下,政治經(jīng)濟文化處于強勢地位的語言文化(如本文中的達斡爾族文化與漢族文化),因其可以給予弱勢語言文化(鄂倫春族文化)經(jīng)濟利益,更傾向于影響后者。經(jīng)濟利益導(dǎo)致弱勢文化群體趨向于與強勢文化群體通婚,族際婚姻為更深層次的語言接觸提供了最佳途徑。但是,如果弱勢文化在人口上占有絕對優(yōu)勢(如本文中庫瑪爾千鄂倫春人的稱謂文化)對強勢文化的沖擊會有較強的抵制能力。語言在變遷過程中,不可避免地歷經(jīng)各種變異,但是語言底層的結(jié)構(gòu)(如本文中鄂倫春語親屬稱謂的長幼區(qū)分原則,稱謂能指與稱謂所指之間的相似性原則)在系統(tǒng)中保持很強的延續(xù)性。這些底層結(jié)構(gòu)很可能是某些語言的親屬稱謂最為原初的共性特征。同時,在強勢語言文化的影響下,弱勢語言文化勢必發(fā)生變異(也不排除強勢語言文化同時發(fā)生變異的可能性)。親屬稱謂系統(tǒng)也不例外。鄂倫春語親屬稱謂,先后在達斡爾族與漢族兩個強勢文化的沖擊下,系統(tǒng)特征由“以類分式為主描寫式為輔”演變?yōu)椤耙悦鑼懯綖橹黝惙质綖檩o”。鄂倫春語親屬稱謂的個案研究表明,親屬稱謂系統(tǒng)是歷史的產(chǎn)物。論文框架大致如下： 第一章闡述選題的意義、研究問題、研究方法與創(chuàng)新性。 第二章綜述國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究文獻。 第三章、第四章、第五章、第六章從語義、形態(tài)、語用、類型四個方面共時研究鄂倫春語親屬稱謂,為親屬稱謂的歷時比較研究做鋪墊。 在大量語用數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上,共時研究表明,鄂倫春語親屬稱謂形態(tài)的典型特征是稱謂的對偶性,即語義對稱的稱謂在形態(tài)上呈對稱分布。鄂倫春語親屬稱謂在不同的語境下具有不同的形態(tài)特征,并在親屬指稱之外,具有情感、社交等附加語義功能。在父母的同胞稱謂與祖輩稱謂等系統(tǒng)層面存在地域差異。三種親屬稱謂——父母的男性同胞、父母的女性同胞、同胞的子女稱謂在類型上屬于罕見型。 第七章在共時研究的基礎(chǔ)上,歷時研究鄂倫春語親屬稱謂。 首先,將代表鄂倫春語親屬稱謂不同發(fā)展階段的系統(tǒng)——二十世紀初后貝加爾通古斯系統(tǒng)、二十世紀初畢拉爾千系統(tǒng)、當代畢拉爾千系統(tǒng)——作對比分析,力圖發(fā)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)之間的延續(xù)性與變異。核心問題是運用大量的語言事實證明二十世紀初后貝加爾通古斯系統(tǒng)代表鄂倫春語親屬稱謂早期系統(tǒng)的特征。 其次,在這一立論前提下,比較分析不同階段的鄂倫春語親屬稱謂系統(tǒng)發(fā)現(xiàn)如下歷時演變規(guī)律： (一)系統(tǒng)特征的歷時演變規(guī)律 1.系統(tǒng)特征由早期的“類分式為主描寫式為輔”演變?yōu)楫敶摹懊鑼懯綖橹黝惙质綖檩o”,這一演變過程主要由于輩分區(qū)分在系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的擴散引起。 2.稱謂的形態(tài)分布,在早期系統(tǒng)中,呈相對平衡態(tài)——盡管長幼維度上,長輩區(qū)分性別,幼輩不區(qū)分性別；在二十世紀初畢拉爾千的系統(tǒng)中呈極不平衡態(tài)——例如,在男系女系維度上,稱謂主要集中在男系男性親屬區(qū)域,該區(qū)域的稱謂多為描寫式,而女系女性親屬區(qū)域或為空白(無稱謂),或有稱謂但更趨向于類分式稱謂；在現(xiàn)代畢拉爾千系統(tǒng)中,這種性別上的稱謂不平衡分布又趨向平衡態(tài)。 (二)稱謂形態(tài)的演變規(guī)律 1.早期系統(tǒng)以單純詞為主,極少復(fù)合詞；后期的系統(tǒng),二十世紀初畢拉爾千的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,復(fù)合稱謂數(shù)量驟增,復(fù)合詞的構(gòu)成或以早期系統(tǒng)的單純詞相互組合,或以單純詞附加一些表示輩分、長幼、系屬的詞或詞綴構(gòu)成。 2.在復(fù)合詞增加的同時,外來詞也有所增加；從現(xiàn)代畢拉爾千的系統(tǒng)看,相對于二十世紀初畢拉爾千的系統(tǒng),早期系統(tǒng)遺存的稱謂詞,部分消失,如oki,onin等；系統(tǒng)繼續(xù)從外族借入外來稱謂,如t(?)amaa-(?)w(?)(at(?)awa)/t(?)iu(?)。 3.同一稱謂語義范疇不同源的稱謂詞并存。由于先后從不同民族語言引入了外來稱謂,出現(xiàn)了舊有稱謂(或外來詞或固有稱謂)與新入外來詞并存的現(xiàn)象。這一現(xiàn)象主要局限于畢拉爾千鄂倫春族。例如,“叔父”有三個變體——t(?)amaa/(?)t(?)/nit(?)uxun ama“嬸母”有三個變體——(?)t(?)w(?)(at(?)awa)/t(?)iu(?)。兄嫂有三個變體——(?)t(?)w(?)(at(?)awa)(新興、勝利)/(?)x(?)(新興、勝利)。 (三)稱謂語音的演變規(guī)律 鄂倫春語親屬稱謂系統(tǒng)歷時演變經(jīng)歷了如下音變：o/a→(?),o→(?)/a,k→x, n→(?),u→1。 最后,以達斡爾族、漢族與鄂倫春族的民族交往史為例,簡要分析鄂倫春語親屬稱謂系統(tǒng)歷時演變的成因。 第八章,鄂倫春語親屬稱謂的渾沌學(xué)、認知語言學(xué)分析。 一方面,靈活運用渾沌學(xué)的層次自相似性、奇異吸引子、系統(tǒng)初值的敏感性等概念嘗試解釋鄂倫春語親屬稱謂形態(tài)的非對等分布特征與系統(tǒng)初值在歷時演變中的延續(xù)性。系統(tǒng)初值的延續(xù)性包括核心稱謂在不同系統(tǒng)中的延續(xù)性,長幼區(qū)分原則、稱謂能指與稱謂所指之間的相似性原則在不同系統(tǒng)中的延續(xù)性。另一方面,結(jié)合認知語言學(xué)的相似性原則剖析鄂倫春語親屬稱謂能指與稱謂所指之間的對應(yīng)性。 第九章,結(jié)論。討論鄂倫春語親屬稱謂現(xiàn)象所反映的語言文化問題。
[Abstract]:Based on the systematic description of relative appellations, based on the systematic description of kinship appellations and the comprehensive use of the theories and methods of human linguistics, ethnology, chaos and cognitive linguistics, this paper studies the synchronic state and diachronic evolution of the kinship appellation system. The study of synchronic studies from semantics, morphology, pragmatics, and classes. Four aspects of Oroqen's kinship appellation system are investigated to pave the way for diachronic research. Diachronic research aims to explore the essence of linguistic and cultural contact and change. In the process of contact, the degree of geographical proximity, political and cultural status, the proportion of population, and the degree of contact are determined by the degree of interaction between language and culture in contact. On the premise of geographical proximity, the language and culture of political and economic culture, such as the Daur culture and Han culture in this article, can give the economic benefits of the disadvantaged language culture (Oroqen Culture), and tend to influence the latter. Economic interests lead to weakness. Cultural groups tend to intermarry with strong cultural groups, and inter ethnic marriages provide the best way for deeper language contact. However, if the disadvantaged culture occupies an absolute advantage in the population (such as the address culture of Kumar KUMAL in this article), it will have a strong resistance to the impact of strong culture. Language is in the process of change, Inevitably, there are various variations, but the structure of the underlying language (such as the principle of the distinction between the elder and the young of the relative appellation of the orochun language in this article, the similarity between the appellation and the appellation) maintains a strong continuity in the system. These underlying structures are most likely to be the most original common features of the kinship appellations of some languages. Under the influence of strong language culture, the disadvantaged language and culture are bound to mutate (and do not exclude the possibility of a strong language culture at the same time). The kinship appellation system is no exception. The case study of the relative appellation of the orun spring language shows that the kinship appellation system is the product of history. The framework of the thesis is as follows:
The first chapter expounds the significance of topic selection, research questions, research methods and innovation.
The second chapter reviews the relevant literature at home and abroad.
The third chapter, the fourth chapter, the fifth chapter, the sixth chapter from the semantic, form, pragmatics, type four aspects to study the relatives appellation of the oroan spring language, which pave the way for the diachronic comparative study of the kinship appellation.
On the basis of a large number of pragmatic data, a synchronic study shows that the typical feature of the form of kinship appellation in the orochun language is the duality of the appellation, that is, the semantic symmetry of the appellation is symmetrically distributed in the form. Semantic function. There are regional differences in the system level of parents' compatriot appellation and ancestral appellation. Three kinds of relative appellation - the male compatriots of parents, the women of their parents, and the appellations of the children of their compatriots are in the rare type.
On the basis of the synchronic study, the seventh chapter studies the appellation of relatives in orun Chun.
First of all, the system, which represents the different development stages of the relative appellation of the Oroqen language, is the Vega M Ton Gus system in the early twentieth Century, the system in the early twentieth Century, and the contemporary life of the life of the life, trying to find the continuity and variation between the systems. The nuclear heart problem is the use of a large number of linguistic facts to prove the twenty world. After the beginning of the period, the Baikal Tong Gu system represented the early system characteristics of the kinship terms in the Oren Chun language.
Secondly, on the premise of this argument, we compare and analyze the different kinship appellation systems in different periods.
(1) the rule of diachronic evolution of the system characteristics
1. the characteristics of the system have evolved from the early "category based description as the supplement" to the contemporary "descriptive dominant category as the subsidiary". This evolution process is mainly caused by the differentiation of the generations in the system.
The form distribution of the 2. appellations, in the early system, is relatively balanced - although the elders are in the dimension, the elders distinguish sex and the young do not distinguish sex; in the early twentieth Century, the system is extremely unbalanced - for example, in the male line dimension, the appellation is mainly concentrated in the male family's relative area, and the appellation of the region is much more. For the descriptive style, the female relative area of the female is blank (no appellation), or the appellation but more inclined to the class appellation; in the modern baler thousand system, the unbalanced distribution of the sexual appellations tends to be balanced.
(two) the evolution law of the form of appellation
In the early 1., the system was dominated by simplex words and very few compound words; in the later period, the system of the early twentieth Century showed a sudden increase in the number of compound appellations, the composition of the compound words or the combination of the early simplex words of the system, or the words or affixes representing the generation, the young, the genus, or the affixes with the simplex words.
2. in the addition of the compound words, the loanwords also increased; from the system of the modern millennium, the appellations of the early system were partially disappearing, such as Oki, onin, and so on; the system continued to borrow foreign appellations from the foreign countries, such as t (?) amaa- (?) w (?) AWA) /t (?) IU (?).
3. the coexistence of appellation words that are different from the same name semantic category. Due to the introduction of foreign appellations from different ethnic languages, the existing appellations (or loanwords or inherent appellations) coexist with new entry words. This phenomenon is mainly confined to the's thousand Oroqen. For example, the "Uncle" has three variants - amaa/ (?) t (?) ) /nit (?) uxun AMA "aunt" has three variants - (?) t (?) w (?) w (?) /t (?) IU (?). Sister sister-in-law has three variants - (?) t (?) w (?) (? Emerging, victory) / (?)
(three) the evolution law of appellation speech
The evolution of the kinship appellation system in the orun Chun language has undergone the following phonetic changes: o/a to (?), O to (?) /a, K to x, n to (?), u to 1.
Finally, taking the history of ethnic exchanges between the Daur nationality, the Han nationality and the Oroqen nationality as an example, the reasons for the diachronic evolution of the kinship appellation system in Oren Chun language are briefly analyzed.
The eighth chapter is the chaos theory and cognitive linguistics analysis of the kinship terms in orunchun language.
On the one hand, the concepts of the hierarchical self similarity, the singular attractor and the sensitivity of the initial value of the system are applied flexibly to explain the non equivalent distribution characteristics of the kinship appellation form in the orun spring language and the continuity of the initial value in the diachronic evolution. The continuity of the initial value of the system includes the continuity of the core appellation in different systems, the differentiation of the young and the young. In principle, the appellation can refer to the continuity of the principle of similarity between the reference and the appellation. On the other hand, it combines the similarity principle of cognitive linguistics to analyze the correspondence between the kinsfolk appellation and the appellation.
The ninth chapter, conclusion, discusses the linguistic and cultural problems reflected in the kinship terms of the orun Chun language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H224
本文編號：2129328
[Abstract]:Based on the systematic description of relative appellations, based on the systematic description of kinship appellations and the comprehensive use of the theories and methods of human linguistics, ethnology, chaos and cognitive linguistics, this paper studies the synchronic state and diachronic evolution of the kinship appellation system. The study of synchronic studies from semantics, morphology, pragmatics, and classes. Four aspects of Oroqen's kinship appellation system are investigated to pave the way for diachronic research. Diachronic research aims to explore the essence of linguistic and cultural contact and change. In the process of contact, the degree of geographical proximity, political and cultural status, the proportion of population, and the degree of contact are determined by the degree of interaction between language and culture in contact. On the premise of geographical proximity, the language and culture of political and economic culture, such as the Daur culture and Han culture in this article, can give the economic benefits of the disadvantaged language culture (Oroqen Culture), and tend to influence the latter. Economic interests lead to weakness. Cultural groups tend to intermarry with strong cultural groups, and inter ethnic marriages provide the best way for deeper language contact. However, if the disadvantaged culture occupies an absolute advantage in the population (such as the address culture of Kumar KUMAL in this article), it will have a strong resistance to the impact of strong culture. Language is in the process of change, Inevitably, there are various variations, but the structure of the underlying language (such as the principle of the distinction between the elder and the young of the relative appellation of the orochun language in this article, the similarity between the appellation and the appellation) maintains a strong continuity in the system. These underlying structures are most likely to be the most original common features of the kinship appellations of some languages. Under the influence of strong language culture, the disadvantaged language and culture are bound to mutate (and do not exclude the possibility of a strong language culture at the same time). The kinship appellation system is no exception. The case study of the relative appellation of the orun spring language shows that the kinship appellation system is the product of history. The framework of the thesis is as follows:
The first chapter expounds the significance of topic selection, research questions, research methods and innovation.
The second chapter reviews the relevant literature at home and abroad.
The third chapter, the fourth chapter, the fifth chapter, the sixth chapter from the semantic, form, pragmatics, type four aspects to study the relatives appellation of the oroan spring language, which pave the way for the diachronic comparative study of the kinship appellation.
On the basis of a large number of pragmatic data, a synchronic study shows that the typical feature of the form of kinship appellation in the orochun language is the duality of the appellation, that is, the semantic symmetry of the appellation is symmetrically distributed in the form. Semantic function. There are regional differences in the system level of parents' compatriot appellation and ancestral appellation. Three kinds of relative appellation - the male compatriots of parents, the women of their parents, and the appellations of the children of their compatriots are in the rare type.
On the basis of the synchronic study, the seventh chapter studies the appellation of relatives in orun Chun.
First of all, the system, which represents the different development stages of the relative appellation of the Oroqen language, is the Vega M Ton Gus system in the early twentieth Century, the system in the early twentieth Century, and the contemporary life of the life of the life, trying to find the continuity and variation between the systems. The nuclear heart problem is the use of a large number of linguistic facts to prove the twenty world. After the beginning of the period, the Baikal Tong Gu system represented the early system characteristics of the kinship terms in the Oren Chun language.
Secondly, on the premise of this argument, we compare and analyze the different kinship appellation systems in different periods.
(1) the rule of diachronic evolution of the system characteristics
1. the characteristics of the system have evolved from the early "category based description as the supplement" to the contemporary "descriptive dominant category as the subsidiary". This evolution process is mainly caused by the differentiation of the generations in the system.
The form distribution of the 2. appellations, in the early system, is relatively balanced - although the elders are in the dimension, the elders distinguish sex and the young do not distinguish sex; in the early twentieth Century, the system is extremely unbalanced - for example, in the male line dimension, the appellation is mainly concentrated in the male family's relative area, and the appellation of the region is much more. For the descriptive style, the female relative area of the female is blank (no appellation), or the appellation but more inclined to the class appellation; in the modern baler thousand system, the unbalanced distribution of the sexual appellations tends to be balanced.
(two) the evolution law of the form of appellation
In the early 1., the system was dominated by simplex words and very few compound words; in the later period, the system of the early twentieth Century showed a sudden increase in the number of compound appellations, the composition of the compound words or the combination of the early simplex words of the system, or the words or affixes representing the generation, the young, the genus, or the affixes with the simplex words.
2. in the addition of the compound words, the loanwords also increased; from the system of the modern millennium, the appellations of the early system were partially disappearing, such as Oki, onin, and so on; the system continued to borrow foreign appellations from the foreign countries, such as t (?) amaa- (?) w (?) AWA) /t (?) IU (?).
3. the coexistence of appellation words that are different from the same name semantic category. Due to the introduction of foreign appellations from different ethnic languages, the existing appellations (or loanwords or inherent appellations) coexist with new entry words. This phenomenon is mainly confined to the's thousand Oroqen. For example, the "Uncle" has three variants - amaa/ (?) t (?) ) /nit (?) uxun AMA "aunt" has three variants - (?) t (?) w (?) w (?) /t (?) IU (?). Sister sister-in-law has three variants - (?) t (?) w (?) (? Emerging, victory) / (?)
(three) the evolution law of appellation speech
The evolution of the kinship appellation system in the orun Chun language has undergone the following phonetic changes: o/a to (?), O to (?) /a, K to x, n to (?), u to 1.
Finally, taking the history of ethnic exchanges between the Daur nationality, the Han nationality and the Oroqen nationality as an example, the reasons for the diachronic evolution of the kinship appellation system in Oren Chun language are briefly analyzed.
The eighth chapter is the chaos theory and cognitive linguistics analysis of the kinship terms in orunchun language.
On the one hand, the concepts of the hierarchical self similarity, the singular attractor and the sensitivity of the initial value of the system are applied flexibly to explain the non equivalent distribution characteristics of the kinship appellation form in the orun spring language and the continuity of the initial value in the diachronic evolution. The continuity of the initial value of the system includes the continuity of the core appellation in different systems, the differentiation of the young and the young. In principle, the appellation can refer to the continuity of the principle of similarity between the reference and the appellation. On the other hand, it combines the similarity principle of cognitive linguistics to analyze the correspondence between the kinsfolk appellation and the appellation.
The ninth chapter, conclusion, discusses the linguistic and cultural problems reflected in the kinship terms of the orun Chun language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H224
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