【摘要】：軍事成語(yǔ)是成語(yǔ)中頗具特色的一個(gè)類聚。本文將軍事成語(yǔ)作為研究對(duì)象,首先界定軍事成語(yǔ),并提出判定軍事成語(yǔ)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),接著探討了軍事成語(yǔ)構(gòu)成成分中軍事裝備詞的詞義,研究了軍事成語(yǔ)語(yǔ)源及其構(gòu)成方式、語(yǔ)義內(nèi)容和文化含義。針對(duì)不能從語(yǔ)表義直接通達(dá)語(yǔ)位義的成語(yǔ),本文從詞義和語(yǔ)源角度提出判定軍事成語(yǔ)的兩條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一要求成語(yǔ)構(gòu)成成分的語(yǔ)素義與軍事相關(guān),且語(yǔ)源義同時(shí)也應(yīng)與軍事相關(guān)。與軍事相關(guān)的詞主要包括矛、戈、戟、鉞等兵器詞,也包括車、馬、沖等表載器的詞,還包括旌、鼓、旆、牙等表指揮的詞,同時(shí)表軍事編排和人員的詞如營(yíng)、師、旅、卒及表防御工事的詞如城、池、壘等都是與軍事相關(guān)的詞。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)二針對(duì)不含與軍事相關(guān)的語(yǔ)素或詞的成語(yǔ),只要求其語(yǔ)源義與軍事相關(guān)便可將其視作是軍事成語(yǔ)。這兩條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有助于文章研究范圍的確定。對(duì)軍事成語(yǔ)構(gòu)成成分的詞義解析,是準(zhǔn)確把握軍事成語(yǔ)語(yǔ)義的基石。軍事成語(yǔ)中有大量表軍事裝備的詞,如矛、戈、戟、槍等表兵器類的詞,還有一些表射遠(yuǎn)功能的詞和表防護(hù)裝具的詞如弓、弩、矢、甲、胄等,也有一些詞在古代作戰(zhàn)中具有傳達(dá)信息的作用,如角、旌、旗、金等。文章還對(duì)軍事成語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)源及其構(gòu)成方式進(jìn)行了研究。通過(guò)對(duì)語(yǔ)料的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)軍事成語(yǔ)多來(lái)源于古代兵書(shū)、諸子百家著作、史書(shū)、文學(xué)作品等,概括式、摘取式、節(jié)縮式是成語(yǔ)語(yǔ)源構(gòu)成方式的主要類型。本文也在成語(yǔ)中介符號(hào)理論的基礎(chǔ)上,明確了成語(yǔ)內(nèi)部形式的概念,分析了軍事成語(yǔ)中具有描述性特點(diǎn)的成語(yǔ)的內(nèi)部形式,并根據(jù)成語(yǔ)內(nèi)部形式理論,將這些成語(yǔ)分為神情·姿態(tài)類、行為·作風(fēng)類、方式·途徑類、氛圍·態(tài)勢(shì)類。對(duì)成語(yǔ)內(nèi)部形式的分析實(shí)質(zhì)也是對(duì)成語(yǔ)語(yǔ)義內(nèi)容的分析。這些成語(yǔ)的內(nèi)部形式均是本民族人基于自身經(jīng)驗(yàn),建構(gòu)意象,從特定的角度以特定方式,觀察成語(yǔ)語(yǔ)義所要表達(dá)對(duì)象的外顯特征。成語(yǔ)中往往蘊(yùn)含著豐富的文化,因此本文以文化語(yǔ)言學(xué)為視角,挖掘了軍事成語(yǔ)負(fù)載的文化信息。由軍事成語(yǔ)可以透視古代慎戰(zhàn)思想、謀略思想以及古代選將任賢的價(jià)值觀和投降禮儀文化。
[Abstract]:Military idiom is a special kind of idiom. This paper takes military idioms as the object of study, first defines military idioms, puts forward the criteria for judging military idioms, then probes into the meaning of military equipment words in the components of military idioms, and studies the etymology of military idioms and their forms. Semantic content and cultural meaning. In view of the idioms which can not be understood directly from the semantic expression, this paper puts forward two criteria for judging military idioms from the perspective of etymology and etymology. Standard one requires that the morpheme meaning of idiom composition is related to military, and the etymological meaning should also be related to military. The military-related words mainly include the words of spear, GE, halberd, Yue and so on. They also include the words of chariot, horse, and chong, as well as the words of command, such as jingle, drum, locale, tooth, etc. At the same time, the words of military arrangement and personnel such as battalion, division, brigade, etc., The words such as city, pool, base, etc. are military related words. In view of idioms which do not contain morphemes or words related to military affairs, they can be regarded as military idioms if they only require their etymological meaning to be related to military affairs. These two standards are helpful in determining the scope of the article. The semantic analysis of the components of military idioms is the cornerstone of accurately grasping the semantics of military idioms. Military idioms contain a large number of words for military equipment, such as spears, gors, halberds, guns, and other words for weapons. There are also words for distant functions and for protective gear, such as bows, crossbows, arrows, armour, and armour, etc. There are also words used to convey information in ancient warfare, such as horns, sparks, flags, gold, etc. This paper also studies the etymology and its formation of military idioms. Through the analysis of the corpus, it is found that most of the military idioms come from ancient military books, hundreds of works of various schools of thought, history books, literary works, etc. On the basis of the theory of idiom intermediary symbol, this paper clarifies the concept of internal form of idioms, analyzes the internal forms of idioms with descriptive characteristics in military idioms, and according to the theory of internal forms of idioms, These idioms are divided into facial expressions, behavior styles, ways and means, atmosphere and posture. The essence of the analysis of the internal forms of idioms is also the analysis of the semantic content of idioms. The internal forms of these idioms are based on their own experience, construct images, and observe the explicit features of the objects that idioms are intended to express in a specific way from a specific angle. Idioms often contain rich culture, so this paper excavates the cultural information of military idioms from the perspective of cultural linguistics. From the military idiom, we can see through the ancient thought of careful war, the thought of strategy and the culture of value and surrender etiquette of the general of ancient times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：H136.3

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