【摘要】：對比語言學(xué),是通過對兩種或兩種以上的語言進行對比研究,分析它們各自的特點,從而總結(jié)出相同點和不同點,并以此為基礎(chǔ)來進一步揭示語言本質(zhì)的一門學(xué)科。本文以該理論為依據(jù),以韓語否定文1和漢語否定句為研究對象,分別對其用法進行整理、總結(jié),并對兩者的異同進行系統(tǒng)分析。 首先,我們確定了研究對象,提出了研究目的和必要性,并對先行研究進行了總結(jié)。接著對韓語和漢語中否定的定義和用法進行整理,并通過較多的例文,逐一詳細地進行分析研究。此外,我們也參考了前輩們在這方面的研究成果,并結(jié)合我們的具體分析進行了進一步的探討。 具體地說,論文主要對兩種語言中使用頻率較高的否定詞“(?)、不”“吳、沒”“(?)、別”分別進行了對比。經(jīng)過分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它們有相互交叉的地方,但更多的是其差異。 首先,“(?)”和“不”都可以用在單句或復(fù)句中用來修飾動詞或形容詞,但在所修飾的動詞方面,二者并不是完全相同。如“不”可以和表示認知的動詞相搭配,而“(?)”不可以。反之,“(?)”可以和結(jié)果補語或表示經(jīng)歷的“(?)(?)”(相當(dāng)于漢語中的“過”)同現(xiàn),而漢語的“不”卻不能這么運用。 其次是韓語否定詞“(?)”和與之對應(yīng)的漢語否定詞“沒”的對比分析。一般情況下,二者都不修飾限定形容詞。其不同點在于否定詞“吳”或含有它的否定短語“(?)”是對行為主體的能力進行否定,而“沒”卻沒這個作用,它只是對某種動作、狀態(tài)或經(jīng)歷進行客觀性的否定。當(dāng)“沒”后面緊跟能愿動詞“能”時,它才具有和“吳”相類似的作用。 與前兩對相對應(yīng)的否定詞不同,第二語言習(xí)得者在習(xí)得“(?)”和“別”時,偏誤發(fā)生的頻率較低。因為兩者的相似點較多,如它們都可以用在祈使句中表示不允許或禁止做某事,前面加上副詞“最好”后皆可用來表示勸說或建議。 另外,我們還對韓漢雙重否定進行了對比,把否定詞的對比擴大到句法層面,并發(fā)現(xiàn)了韓漢否定詞在用法上的更多的差異。如在雙重否定句中,漢語否定詞存在多種變化格式,而韓語相對來說變化比較單一；其次,在同一個句子當(dāng)中,韓語否定詞2可以兩個或多個連用,而漢語沒有多個否定詞連用的情況。
[Abstract]:Contrastive linguistics is a discipline based on the comparative study of two or more languages and the analysis of their respective characteristics so as to sum up the similarities and differences and further reveal the essence of language. On the basis of this theory, this paper takes Korean negative text 1 and Chinese negative sentence as the research objects, respectively, to sort out and summarize their usage, and to analyze their similarities and differences systematically. First of all, we define the research object, propose the purpose and necessity of the research, and summarize the advance research. Then the definition and usage of negation in Korean and Chinese are sorted out and analyzed one by one through more examples. In addition, we also refer to the previous research results in this area, and combined with our specific analysis for further discussion. Specifically, the thesis mainly compares the negative words "(?)", "Wu" (not "Wu") and "Bei" (?) which are frequently used in the two languages. After analysis, we found that they have intersecting place, but more is its difference. First, "(?)" Both "no" and "no" can be used to modify verbs or adjectives in simple or complex sentences, but they are not identical in terms of the modified verbs. For example, "no" can be matched with a verb indicating cognition, and "(?)" No. Conversely, "(?)" "(?)" that can be used as a complement to the result, or "(?)" that indicates experience. " (equivalent to "past" in Chinese) co-occurrence, but the Chinese "no" can not be used in this way. The second is the Korean negative word "(?)" And the corresponding Chinese negative word "no" comparative analysis. In general, neither modifies a qualified adjective. The difference lies in the negative word "Wu" or the negative phrase "?" It is the negation of the ability of the behavior subject, but not the function of "no". It is just the negation of the objectivity of a certain action, state or experience. It has a similar function to Wu when it is followed by the verb "can". Different from the negative words in the first two pairs, the second language learner is in the acquisition of "?" The frequency of errors occurs at a lower frequency when the word "parting" is used. Because there are many similarities between them, for example, they can be used in imperative sentences to indicate that they are not allowed or forbidden to do something, and the adverb "best" can be used to express persuasion or suggestion. In addition, we compare the double negation between Han and Chinese, extend the contrast of negative words to syntactic level, and find more differences in usage of Han and Han negative words. For example, in the double negative sentence, the Chinese negative words have many different formats, while the Korean language is relatively single. Secondly, in the same sentence, the Korean negative word 2 can be used in two or more conjunctions. However, there are not many negative words in Chinese.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H136;H55

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