本文選題：圖式理論 + 相聲��； 參考：《河南科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：相聲是我國一種傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)形式，其發(fā)展已有百余年的歷史。作為廣大觀眾喜愛的一種表演藝術(shù)形式，具有為數(shù)眾多的觀眾群體和實(shí)力雄厚的創(chuàng)作表演隊(duì)伍。近些年，相聲演員郭德綱及其“德云社”的成立，再次掀起了聽相聲的高潮。早在1961年,汪景壽先生曾發(fā)表《試論相聲的語言》一文，此研究被視為最早的對(duì)相聲的語言進(jìn)行研究的專論。此后，國內(nèi)的學(xué)者開始致力于相聲中幽默言語的研究。目前此領(lǐng)域的研究主要包括修辭手段，包袱構(gòu)建，合作原則，禮貌原則，關(guān)聯(lián)理論及其整合理論等，而從認(rèn)知圖式的角度來解析相聲中的言語幽默的研究尚未得到足夠的重視。 圖式理論強(qiáng)調(diào)知識(shí)資源這一概念，，認(rèn)為話語的理解需要激活記憶中相關(guān)圖式去預(yù)測，推理，解析話語的含義。本文從圖式理論的角度，采用定性的研究方法，對(duì)所選取的相聲文本進(jìn)行圖式特征分析，即語言圖式，形式圖式，內(nèi)容圖式和語用圖式，旨在幫助聽眾更好的理解相聲中的言語幽默。 本研究的語料資源來自于《中國傳統(tǒng)相聲大全》、《侯寶林相聲自選集》、《姜昆表演相聲集》等文獻(xiàn)中的相聲腳本及部分通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)閱讀、觀看的相聲作品。在理論圖式的指導(dǎo)下，本研究對(duì)所選取的相聲文本進(jìn)行其圖式特征分析與歸納，并從認(rèn)知角度解讀其幽默機(jī)制。研究的主要問題有三個(gè)：(1)中國相聲中的言語幽默的解讀與圖式理論的關(guān)系什么？(2)相聲中體現(xiàn)的言語幽默圖式特征有哪些？(3)根據(jù)所分析出的圖式特征，解讀相聲中言語幽默的基本策略有哪些？ 通過對(duì)所搜集的語料的分析，本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)相聲中幽默的解讀，要求聽眾具備與之相關(guān)的語言圖式、形式圖式、內(nèi)容圖式和語用圖式。這些圖式在很大程度上幫助聽眾去理解相聲中的言語幽默。當(dāng)輸入的相聲中的“包袱”與這些圖式相匹配時(shí)才能完成信息處理的系列過程。最后，本文為更好地理解相聲中的幽默話語提出了具體的策略和方法，其中包括預(yù)測和選擇策略、聯(lián)系策略、推理策略。此外，為了更好理解相聲中言語幽默，還應(yīng)當(dāng)擴(kuò)展社會(huì)文化背景知識(shí)，減少由于文化差異造成的內(nèi)容圖式的缺乏。這些策略和方法有助于相聲愛好者，尤其是喜歡中國文化的外國友人,提高對(duì)相聲的理解能力。
[Abstract]:Crosstalk is a traditional art form in China, which has a history of more than 100 years. As a popular form of performing art, there are a large number of audience groups and strong creative performance team. In recent years, cross-talk actor Guo Degang and its "Deyun Society", once again set off the climax of crosstalk. As early as 1961, Mr. Wang Jingshou published "the language of crosstalk", which was regarded as the earliest monograph on the language of crosstalk. Since then, domestic scholars have devoted themselves to the study of humorous speech in crosstalk. At present, the research in this field mainly includes rhetoric, burden construction, cooperative principle, politeness principle, relevance theory and its integration theory. However, the study of verbal humor in crosstalk from the perspective of cognitive schema has not received enough attention. Schema theory emphasizes the concept of knowledge resource, and holds that the understanding of utterance needs to activate the relevant schemata in memory to predict, infer, and analyze the meaning of utterance. From the perspective of schema theory, this paper uses qualitative research methods to analyze the schemata features of the selected crosstalk texts, that is, linguistic schema, formal schema, content schema and pragmatic schema. The aim is to help the audience better understand the verbal humor in crosstalk. The corpus of this study comes from the Chinese traditional crosstalk Collection, the Hou Baolin crosstalk selections, the Jiang Kun performance crosstalk Collection, and some of the crosstalk works read and viewed on the Internet. Under the guidance of theoretical schemata, this study analyzes and induces the schema features of the selected crosstalk text, and interprets its humor mechanism from a cognitive perspective. There are three main questions in the study: (1) what is the relationship between the interpretation of verbal humor in Chinese crosstalk and schema theory? (2) what are the schematic features of verbal humor in crosstalk? (3) according to the schematic features, What are the basic strategies for interpreting verbal humor in crosstalk? Through the analysis of the collected data, this study finds that the interpretation of humor in crosstalk requires the audience to have relevant language schema, formal schema, content schema and pragmatic schema. To a large extent, these schemas help listeners to understand verbal humor in crosstalk. Only when the "baggage" in the input crosstalk matches these schemas can the information processing process be completed. Finally, this paper proposes specific strategies and methods for a better understanding of humorous utterances in crosstalk, including prediction and selection strategies, communication strategies, and inference strategies. In addition, in order to better understand the verbal humor in crosstalk, we should expand the social and cultural background knowledge and reduce the lack of content schema caused by cultural differences. These strategies and methods help crosstalk lovers, especially foreign friends who like Chinese culture, improve their understanding of crosstalk.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H136

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