本文選題：A比B還不C + A還不如BC�。� 參考：《哈爾濱師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：人類認識客觀世界有多種方法，“比較”便是其中基本的方法之一。它也是人類認知領(lǐng)域中共同的思維方式，并且在世界多種多樣的語言中有著不同的表達形式。因此，比較句不僅在句法結(jié)構(gòu)類型上豐富多樣，在語義及語用上也有著復(fù)雜的變化。對比較句的研究，前人時賢做過不少工作，但對比較系統(tǒng)中否定比較句式的對比研究相對較少。本文試圖通過整理前人研究成果，運用“三個平面”理論，借鑒關(guān)聯(lián)理論、主觀性、范疇理論、隱喻等相關(guān)理論去考察否定比較句式“A比B還不C”和“A還不如B C”的功能與用法，在研究句式“A比B還不C”和“A還不如B C”各自功能的基礎(chǔ)上，初步探求兩者在用法上的異同。 首先，梳理與總結(jié)相關(guān)比較句的研究現(xiàn)狀以后，對否定比較句“A比B還不C”進行分析，包括該否定比較句的結(jié)構(gòu)分析，主要從A、B為同一形類，A、B不同形類的情況和比較值C的語言形式三方面進行考察。該否定比較句的語義分析主要從構(gòu)式義出發(fā)，分析出“還”字起強調(diào)語義的作用，“比”字表示逆向反差之比，該句式表示語義層次的上升，并從“不+C”的語義聯(lián)想方面進行了探究。該句式的語用分析方面，主要從預(yù)設(shè)信息、語境條件、反預(yù)期的語用功能、關(guān)聯(lián)理論四個方面進行了較為全面的分析、考察。 其次，對否定比較句“A還不如B C”進行分析，主要運用三個平面理論對A、B為同一形類、A、B不同形類的情況和比較值C的語言形式三方面進行考察。在語義方面，從構(gòu)式義出發(fā)，把“A還不如B C”分為肯定句和疑問句的情況。多數(shù)的“A還不如B C”為肯定句式，疑問句式一般不常用于日常交際。因此，疑問句式的語言事實相對較少�？疾彀l(fā)現(xiàn)，疑問句式的“A還不如B C”和肯定句式的“A還不如B C”語義偏向是不同的。對該句式的語用分析，主要從預(yù)設(shè)信息、語境條件、反預(yù)期、關(guān)聯(lián)理論四個方面進行了探究。 最后是論文的重點部分，即“A比B還不C”和“A還不如B C”構(gòu)式的比較，這里主要側(cè)重語義和語用方面的對比。兩個句式語義方面的相同點主要從比較關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)變、主觀性、比較值三方面加以比較分析。語義方面的不同點，主要從語義指向的不同、量級差異程度的不同、對稱與不對稱的問題及不對稱的限制因素四個方面加以分析和考察。
[Abstract]:There are many ways for human beings to understand the objective world, and comparison is one of the basic methods. It is also a common way of thinking in the field of human cognition and has different forms of expression in a variety of languages around the world. Therefore, comparative sentences not only have various syntactic structure types, but also have complicated changes in semantics and pragmatics. In the study of comparative sentences, Shi Xian has done a lot of work, but the contrastive study of negative comparative sentences in the comparative system is relatively few. This paper attempts to use the theory of "three planes" to draw lessons from relevance theory, subjectivity and category theory by sorting out the previous research results. Metaphor and other relevant theories to examine the function and usage of negative comparative sentence "A than B is not C" and "A is inferior to B C". On the basis of studying the respective functions of sentence pattern "A than B is not C" and "A is inferior to B C", A preliminary exploration of the similarities and differences in the use of the two. First of all, after combing and summarizing the research status of the relative comparative sentence, the author analyzes the negative comparative sentence "A is not C than B", including the structure analysis of the negative comparative sentence. This paper mainly discusses the situation of different types of Agna B and the linguistic form of comparison value C. The semantic analysis of the negative comparative sentence mainly starts from the construction meaning, and analyzes that the word "Huo" plays an important role in emphasizing semantics, and the word "bi" represents the ratio of reverse contrast, and the sentence pattern indicates the rise of semantic level. It also explores the semantic association of "not C". In the aspect of pragmatic analysis of the sentence pattern, the author makes a comprehensive analysis from four aspects: presupposition information, contextual conditions, counter-expected pragmatic functions and relevance theory. Secondly, the negative comparative sentence "A is not as good as B C" is analyzed. Three plane theories are used to investigate the situation of different forms of Agna B and the linguistic form of comparative value C. In the aspect of semantics, "A is worse than B C" is divided into positive sentence and question sentence from construction meaning. Most "A" is not as positive as B C, and interrogative sentence is not often used in daily communication. Therefore, there are relatively few linguistic facts in interrogative sentences. It is found that the semantic biases of "A" and "A" in interrogative sentence are different from those in positive sentence. The pragmatic analysis of this sentence is mainly discussed from four aspects: presupposition information, contextual conditions, anti-expectation and relevance theory. The last part is the comparison of "A than B is not C" and "A is worse than B C", which mainly focuses on the comparison of semantic and pragmatic aspects. The similarities between the two sentence patterns are mainly analyzed from three aspects: the change of comparative relation, subjectivity and comparison value. The differences in semantics are mainly analyzed from four aspects: the differences in semantic direction, the degree of difference in order of magnitude, the problems of symmetry and asymmetry, and the constraints of asymmetry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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