本文選題：信陽商城方言 + 聲調(diào)��； 參考：《云南師范大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：文章采用實驗語音學的理論和方法，以信陽市商城縣縣城為調(diào)查點，，對信陽商城方言進行實驗研究,希望這些成果能為后人研究信陽商城方言提供參考與借鑒。筆者從音高、音長角度，展現(xiàn)信陽商城方言在單字調(diào)、雙字調(diào)、輕聲方面的特征，以便人們對信陽商城方言聲調(diào)系統(tǒng)進行全面的認識。 實驗結(jié)果分析表明，信陽商城方言有四個聲調(diào)，陰平、陽平、上聲、去聲，調(diào)值分別是214、33、24、52，四聲的音長比較起來陰平最長，陽平次之，上聲、去聲最短，這與陰平的曲折調(diào)、陽平的平調(diào)、上聲的上升調(diào)、去聲的下降調(diào)調(diào)型特征相吻合，信陽商城方言聲調(diào)系統(tǒng)總體來說具有區(qū)分明顯、分布均衡的特征。信陽商城方言雙字調(diào)16種搭配中產(chǎn)生變調(diào)的有7種，即陰平組的陰平+陰平、陰平+陽平、陰平+去聲，陽平組的陽平+陰平，上聲組的上聲+陰平、上聲+上聲，去聲組的去聲+陰平。這些變調(diào)多集中在陰平的變調(diào)上，陰平+陰平中的后字陰平、陰平+去聲、陽平+陰平、上聲+陰平、去聲+陰平中的陰平都變成降調(diào)；去聲沒有變調(diào)且在信陽商城方言里相當豐富。在音長方面，16種組合時長分布集中在0.50s至0.65s之間，除了去聲+陰平之外，后字的時長都比前字時長要長，由于去聲+陰平的調(diào)型是：降調(diào)+降調(diào)，前字音高降至最低，后字順勢以最低點為起點發(fā)音，起音的準備階段較短所以后字音長短于前字。信陽商城方言沒有輕聲音節(jié)，普通話四聲輕聲組合在信陽商城方言里均發(fā)生了變調(diào)，且普通話輕聲隨前字非輕聲的調(diào)類變化。普通話陰平/陽平/去聲+輕聲組合中后字輕聲音節(jié)在信陽商城方言中表現(xiàn)出了去聲的降調(diào)調(diào)型，調(diào)值分別是42、32、52；普通話上聲+輕聲組合中后字輕聲音節(jié)表現(xiàn)出了上聲的上升調(diào)型，調(diào)值為25。其中部分普通話AA式陽平+輕聲組合中的后字輕聲，與普通話AB式陽平+輕聲組合相比發(fā)生了變化，后字調(diào)值變?yōu)?2。調(diào)長方面，普通話四聲+輕聲組合在信陽商城方言中的調(diào)長由長到短的順序是：陰平+輕聲、上聲+輕聲、陽平+輕聲、去聲+輕聲。在信陽商城方言中，普通話后字讀輕聲的音節(jié)調(diào)長要長于非輕聲音節(jié)約0.01s至0.03s。所以普通話輕聲音節(jié)在信陽商城方言里不具備短、輕的特點而且還長于前字非輕聲音節(jié)。在信陽商城方言中，普通話四聲+輕聲就相當于一個普通雙音節(jié)詞。 總的來說，信陽商城方言在聽感上由于四聲分布均衡顯得抑揚頓挫，由于陰平變降調(diào)情況較多略顯低沉，后字時長略長于前字聽起來顯得略帶拖音。
[Abstract]:This paper adopts the theory and method of experimental phonetics, taking Shangcheng county of Xinyang city as the investigation point, carries on the experimental research to the Xinyang Shangcheng dialect, hoping that these results can provide reference and reference for the later generations to study Xinyang Shangcheng dialect. From the angle of pitch and pitch, the author presents the characteristics of Xinyang Shangcheng dialect in terms of single tone, double tone and soft voice, so that people can have a comprehensive understanding of the tone system of Xinyang Shangcheng dialect. The experimental results show that there are four tones in Shancheng dialect of Xinyang, namely, Yin Ping, Yang Ping, Shangsheng, De-sound, and the tone values are respectively 214433C3C244N52.The tone length of the four-tone is the longest, the Yangping is the second, the upper voice is the shortest, and the dissonant is the shortest. This is the zigzag tone of the Yinping, and this is the zigzag tone of the Yin and Ping. The horizontal tone of Yangping, the rising tone of upper voice and the descending tone type of de-sound are consistent with each other. The tone system of Xinyang Shangcheng dialect has the characteristics of distinct differentiation and balanced distribution. In Xinyang Shangcheng dialect, 7 of the 16 combinations of double-character tones produced variations, that is, Yin Ping, Yin Ping Yang Ping, Yin Ping Yang Ping, Yang Ping Yin Ping, Yang Ping Yin Ping, Shangsheng Group Upper Sound Yin Ping, and Shang Sheng Group Shang Sheng Yin Ping, and Shang Sheng Group A tone of Yin Ping, Yin Ping Yang Ping, Yang Ping Yin Ping, and Shang Sheng Group A tone of Yin Ping, Yin Ping Yang Ping, Yin Ping Yang Ping, and Yang Ping Yin Ping, The sound of the group was flat. Most of these variations are concentrated on the tone of Yin and Ping. The latter characters of Yin Ping Yin Ping, Yin Ping Yin Ping, Yang Ping Yin Ping, Yang Ping Yin Ping, Yin Ping on the other turn into descending tones. There is no change in tone and it is quite rich in the dialect of Xinyang Shancheng. In terms of tone length, the length of 16 combinations is concentrated between 0.50s and 0.65s. Except for the de-tone, the duration of the latter character is longer than that of the former, because the tone type of the de-tone is: lowering the tone and lowering the tone, and the height of the antecedent is reduced to the lowest. The lowest point is used as the starting point, and the preparation stage is shorter, so the hindword is longer than the former. There is no light syllable in Xinyang Shangcheng dialect, and the combination of four tones of Putonghua is changed in Xinyang Shangcheng dialect, and the tone of Putonghua is changed with the non-softly tone of the former words. In the combination of Yinping / Yangping / deacousing of Putonghua, the low tone syllable of hindword shows the type of de-tone in Xinyang Shangcheng dialect, with the modulation value of 42 / 32 / 52 respectively. In the combination of upper tone and soft voice in Mandarin, the lower syllable shows the ascending tone of the upper voice, with a value of 25. 5%. Some of them have changed compared with AB type Yangping soft voice combination in the AA type of Putonghua, and the tonal value of the latter character has changed to 52. In terms of length adjustment, the order of the length of the four tones of Mandarin in the dialect of Xinyang Shancheng is as follows: light voice, soft voice, and soft voice. In Shancheng dialect of Xinyang, the syllable length of low tone after reading Putonghua is longer than that of non-light sound from 0.01s to 0.03s. Therefore, Mandarin whispering syllables are not short and light in Xinyang Shancheng dialect and are longer than non-whisper syllables. In Xinyang Shangcheng dialect, four tones of Putonghua are equivalent to an ordinary dicyllabic word. In general, the hearing sense of Xinyang Shangcheng dialect appears to be cadence due to the balanced distribution of four sounds, a little lower tone due to the change of Yin and flat, and slightly longer time of the latter word than that of the former word.
【學位授予單位】：云南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H172

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