本文選題：《國語》 + 成語�。� 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：專書成語研究是成語研究的基礎(chǔ),也是漢語詞匯研究的重要一環(huán)。本文選取先秦典籍《國語》,窮盡性地爬梳了其中已定型的,以及雖未定型、但源于該書的一百條成語,從以下五個方面對其進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的研究： 第一,研究綜述。簡述《國語》一書的研究歷史和研究現(xiàn)狀；梳理了近百年間國內(nèi)成語研究的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,分四個階段總結(jié)了各階段的研究特點、趨勢、重點領(lǐng)域,并對其代表人物和著作進(jìn)行述評。 第二,《國語》成語的概況�？疾炝恕秶Z》成語的來源,按出處列出成語條目和所在章節(jié),并進(jìn)行數(shù)量統(tǒng)計；指出成語在《國語》一書中的分布情況。歸納出后世加工改造《國語》語句形成成語的方式,即截取語句、概括文義、更換語素和節(jié)縮語句四種類型。 第三,《國語》成語的結(jié)構(gòu)和句法功能。將《國語》成語的結(jié)構(gòu)分為聯(lián)合式、非聯(lián)合式和緊縮復(fù)句式三個大類,其中,又劃分出雙述賓聯(lián)合式、雙主謂聯(lián)合式式等二十個子類。采用定量與定性分析相結(jié)合的方法,窮盡性地考察每一類型中所有成語的語法性質(zhì)與句法功能,得出了如下結(jié)論：《國語》成語從大類看,非聯(lián)合式的成語數(shù)量最多；從子類看,主謂非聯(lián)合式的成語數(shù)量最多；從各子類成語與其所在大類的成語數(shù)量關(guān)系來看,聯(lián)合式中的雙述賓式成語、非聯(lián)合式中的主謂式成語、緊縮復(fù)句式中的轉(zhuǎn)折式成語在各大類中占比最重；從定型與未定型成語的層面來看,定型成語占有絕對優(yōu)勢,且主謂非聯(lián)合式成語中的定型成語數(shù)量最多；從各結(jié)構(gòu)類型成語的語法性質(zhì)和句法功能看,除了呈現(xiàn)體詞性的兩個小類和語法性質(zhì)較為復(fù)雜的三個小類外,《國語》成語整體上呈現(xiàn)謂詞性,在句中多充當(dāng)謂語。其中,聯(lián)合式中的雙主謂式、雙定中式,非聯(lián)合式中的狀中式、兼語式、述賓式、主謂式,以及緊縮復(fù)句式中的讓步式又多獨立成句。 第四,《國語》成語的演變研究。以《國語》成語為例論述成語的演變機制,將其分為語義變遷、適用范圍的變化、色彩變化、形態(tài)變化、語法性質(zhì)和功能的變化、“詞匯化”六種類型。對成語“丹楹刻桷”、“高高下下”、“不可方物”、“旅進(jìn)旅退”、“內(nèi)憂外患”、“豁壑無厭”、“欲壑難填”進(jìn)行了個案分析,考察了其形成與演變的路徑。 第五,辭書失收成語舉隅。選取在綜述中論及的《中國成語大辭典》、《漢語成語大辭典》、《漢語成語考釋詞典》、《漢語成語辭�！泛汀稘h語成語大全》這五本較通行的成語詞典作為參照,舉出這五本成語詞典均未收錄的十三條成語,對其進(jìn)行語料搜集、源流追溯、語義考釋和異體比較。
[Abstract]:The study of idioms is not only the basis of idiom research, but also an important part of the study of Chinese vocabulary. This article selects the pre-Qin classical book, "Mandarin language", crawls and combs the already finalized, as well as has not finalized, but derives from the book 100 idioms, has carried on the more systematic research from the following five aspects: first, the article has carried on the comparatively systematic research from the following five aspects: first, although has not finalized, has carried on the more systematic research from the following five aspects. Summary of research. This paper briefly introduces the history and present situation of the research of Guoyu, combs the development of idiom research in China in the past 100 years, and summarizes the characteristics, trends and key areas of the research in four stages. And to its representative personage and the work carries on the commentary. Second, the general situation of idioms. This paper investigates the source of idioms in Mandarin, lists the items and chapters of idioms according to their provenances, and makes quantitative statistics, and points out the distribution of idioms in Guoyu. This paper sums up four types of idiom formation: intercepting sentence, generalizing the meaning of the sentence, replacing the morpheme and reducing the sentence. Thirdly, the structure and syntactic function of idioms. The structure of idioms in Mandarin is divided into three categories: associative, unassociative and constrictive complex sentence types. Among them, there are 20 subcategories, such as the combined type of double statement and object, the joint type of double subject and predicate, and so on. By combining quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, the grammatical properties and syntactic functions of all idioms in each type are investigated in an exhaustive manner. The following conclusions are drawn: the number of uncombined idioms is the largest in large categories; From the perspective of subcategory, the number of subject-predicate unassociative idioms is the most, and from the relationship between each subclass idiom and its large category of idioms, it can be seen that the double-predicate idioms in the associative form and the subject-predicate idioms in the non-associative forms, From the perspective of stereotype and unstereotyped idiom, stereotype idioms have the absolute advantage, and the number of stereotyped idioms is the largest in the subject-predicate unUnited idioms. From the perspective of the grammatical properties and syntactic functions of idioms of various structural types, in addition to the two subcategories of part of speech and the three subcategories with more complicated grammatical properties, the idioms of "Guoyu" as a whole present predicates and often act as predicates in sentences. Among them, double subject-predicate, double definite Chinese, non-associative Chinese, double-object, subject-predicate, and conceding in constrictive complex are independent sentences. Fourth, the study of the evolution of idioms. Taking the idiom of Guoyu as an example, this paper discusses the evolution mechanism of idiom, and divides it into six types: semantic change, change of applicable scope, change of color, change of form, change of grammatical nature and function, and "lexicalization". This paper makes a case study of the idioms "Dan couplets", "high and down", "not square things", "travel in and out", "internal and external troubles", "exclusion of beggars and woes", "filled with lust", and examines its formation and evolution path. Fifth, dictionaries have lost their idioms. Five more popular dictionaries of Chinese idioms, such as the Great Dictionary of Chinese idioms, the Dictionary of textual Research on Chinese idioms, the Sea of Chinese idioms and the Bibliography of Chinese idioms, are selected as references. This paper lists 13 idioms which are not included in these five idioms dictionaries, and carries on the corpus collection, the origin tracing, the semantic textual research and the allogeneic comparison.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H131

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