本文選題：“比” + 輕動詞�。� 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：文章在以往傳統(tǒng)研究和生成語法研究的基礎(chǔ)上重新考慮了漢語比字差比句的句法特征。包括重新分析了比字句的句法類型、依據(jù)新的理論論證了標記“比”的屬性、推導(dǎo)出比字句的句法結(jié)構(gòu)并由此解釋了一系列傳統(tǒng)研究不能解釋、以往生成語法領(lǐng)域沒有解釋好的現(xiàn)象。 比較項的句法類型。依據(jù)約束原則乙種條件,文章論證了漢語比字句同"than"句一樣,應(yīng)該是小句比較與短語比較兩種類型并存,而不是單一的類型。但是這兩種類型之間并不像英語"than'’比較句那樣,小句比較句可以刪略形成短語比較句,漢語比字句的這兩種類型之間沒有衍生關(guān)系,二者應(yīng)該是并立關(guān)系。 差比標記“比”的定性。這是本文的創(chuàng)新點之一。以往的研究從不同角度根據(jù)漢語“比”的句法特征提出了多種語類說：傳統(tǒng)研究判為介詞,生成語法研究則出入較大,包括動詞、副動詞、連詞、標句詞等。這些歸類或多或少能得到“比”的事實的證實,但在很大程度上不能涵蓋更多的“比”的特性。文章根據(jù)語言事實論證了標記“比”既不具有典型介詞所應(yīng)有的句法特征,也缺乏典型介詞所應(yīng)有的特性。同時文章還利用約束原則證明“比+St”具有非附加性。所以標記“比”既不是動詞,也不是介詞。據(jù)此,結(jié)合Huang(1997,2008)、Lin(2001)以及范疇理論,文章把這個標記處理為輕動詞,即事態(tài)謂詞。這是學(xué)界首次提出“比”是事態(tài)性的謂詞。 句式的句法結(jié)構(gòu)。這是本文的創(chuàng)新點之二。在否定“比+St”為附加成分的基礎(chǔ)上,文章贊同“比+St”為謂項成分。基于Huang(1997)Lin(2001)的理論,文章構(gòu)建了現(xiàn)代漢語比字差比句的句法結(jié)構(gòu)：比字句是一個vP殼結(jié)構(gòu)(vP-Shell),存在HOLD、 Bi、Deg三個功能中心,各名詞性成分均生成在標定語上并被指派題元角色。這一結(jié)構(gòu)也能夠得到現(xiàn)代漢語方言中五類典型差比句的支持。
[Abstract]:On the basis of traditional research and generative grammar, this paper reconsiders the syntactic features of Chinese word contrast. Including re-analysis of the syntactic types of Bi-sentence, proving the attribute of "Bi" according to the new theory, deducing the syntactic structure of Bi-sentence and explaining a series of traditional studies that can not be explained. There was no explanation in the field of generative grammar in the past. Compare the syntactic types of items. On the basis of the constraint principle, this paper argues that the two types of clause comparison and phrase comparison should coexist, rather than a single type, as the "than" sentence. However, these two types are not like the English comparative sentences. Clauses can be deleted to form phrase comparative sentences. There is no derivative relationship between the two types of Chinese comparative sentences, and the two should be parallel. Difference ratio marks the characterization of "ratio". This is one of the innovations of this paper. According to the syntactic characteristics of Chinese "Bi", previous studies have put forward a variety of linguistic categories: the traditional study of prepositions, the study of generative grammar is quite different, including verbs, auxiliary verbs, conjunctions, tagged words and so on. These categories are more or less corroborated by the fact of "ratio", but to a large extent do not cover more "than" characteristics. Based on the linguistic facts, this paper demonstrates that the marker "bi" has neither the syntactic features of typical prepositions nor the characteristics of typical prepositions. At the same time, it is proved that "Bei St" is non-additive by the principle of constraint. So marking "bi" is neither a verb nor a preposition. On the basis of this, combined with Huang's 1997 / 2008 / 2001) and category theory, this mark is treated as a light verb, that is, a predicate of state of affairs. This is the first time that "Bei" is a predicate of state of affairs. The syntactic structure of a sentence. This is the second innovation of this paper. On the basis of negating "Bei St" as an additive, the article agrees that "Bei St" is a predicate component. Based on the theory of Huang (1997 / 2001), this paper constructs the syntactic structure of comparative sentence in modern Chinese: it is a vP-shell structure with three functional centers: HOLDand Biandeg, and each noun component is generated on the calibration language and assigned to the role of question element. This structure can also be supported by five types of typical differential sentences in modern Chinese dialects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：2028531