本文選題：“挨” + “挨”字句　； 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：以往關(guān)于“挨”字句的研究并不多,而且對(duì)該句型的生成機(jī)制也存在著分歧,對(duì)于“挨”字句的句型格式研究也不夠全面,對(duì)“挨”字句成分的語義特征也沒有進(jìn)行深入分析。本文在參考前人的研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,從形式和意義兩方面,歷時(shí)地全面考察“挨”字句的生成機(jī)制,共時(shí)地多角度考察“挨”字句的語法語義特點(diǎn)。全文主體共分四部分。 第一部分,被動(dòng)語義詞“挨”。通過對(duì)“挨”字的歷時(shí)考察,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)“挨”字句的形成很大程度上取決于“挨”字的語義演變,除此之外,還有“挨”字句的論元轉(zhuǎn)變。“挨”字句從產(chǎn)生起就奠定了其自有的特色,即語體色彩口語化和語義色彩遭受性。 第二部分,“挨”字句的格式探析。通過對(duì)“挨”字句的詳細(xì)考察,我們總結(jié)了“挨”字句的各類格式,共有四種,分別是A挨(B)C式、帶助詞“了、著、過”式、帶補(bǔ)語式和復(fù)用式。其中A挨(B)C式是基本格式,帶助詞式中“了”、“過”偏多,“著”最少；帶補(bǔ)語式中存在結(jié)果、趨向、程度、數(shù)量、時(shí)地、可能等六類補(bǔ)語；復(fù)用式包括“挨”的重疊式和“挨”與其他遭受類動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合式兩種。在歸納描寫中,我們從語義上給A定義為“受影響者”,具有[+生命性]：B定義為“被認(rèn)定的責(zé)任者”,具有[+生命性]；C定義為“影響方式”。從“挨”字句的各類格式中,我們可以確定“挨”字的詞性,即具有自身特點(diǎn)的動(dòng)詞。 第三部分,C的語義特征。通過對(duì)C成分的分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)入“挨”字句的限制條件。C成分只能由三類詞充當(dāng),即動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞。動(dòng)詞群的語義配價(jià)特征[+一價(jià)/二價(jià)性],語義情狀特征[+動(dòng)作性]、[十結(jié)果性],語義色彩特征[+損害性]；名詞群的語義配價(jià)特征[+二價(jià)性],語義情狀特征[+影響性],語義色彩特征[+損害性]；形容詞群的語義配價(jià)特征[+一價(jià)性],語義情狀特征[+致使性],語義色彩特征[+損害性]。它們的語義特征制約著“挨”字句的動(dòng)元數(shù)量,其中工具和影響兩個(gè)動(dòng)元至少要有一個(gè)出現(xiàn)在句子中,否則句子不成立。 第四部分,“挨”字句與其他遭受句及“被”字句的異同。通過與其他遭受句的對(duì)比,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)“挨”字句與其他遭受句一樣具有被動(dòng)義,然而它們?nèi)愿骶咛厣�。最大的區(qū)別在于語用上�！鞍ぁ弊志渲荒鼙硎颈粍�(dòng)遭受義,“受影響者”表現(xiàn)出地位低微的交際心理,而“受”等其他遭受句用法廣泛。同時(shí),我們還探討了“挨”字句與“被”字句的異同,總結(jié)了兩者能相互轉(zhuǎn)換的條件,希望能為對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)提供一些參考。 本文的創(chuàng)新之處主要有：(1)首次較全面地考察了“挨”字的演變過程,分析了“挨”字句的生成機(jī)制；(2)首次較系統(tǒng)地描寫了“挨”字句的格式和句子成分的語義特征；(3)專門研究C成分的語義配價(jià)特征、語義情狀特征和語義色彩特征,為能進(jìn)入“挨”字句的成分提供了限制條件。
[Abstract]:In the past, there are not many researches on the sentence form of "Yan", and there are also differences on the generating mechanism of the sentence pattern. The research on the pattern format of the sentence is not comprehensive enough, and the semantic characteristics of the sentence component of the sentence are not analyzed in depth. On the basis of referring to the previous research results, this paper investigates the generative mechanism of "Yan" sentences in diachronic terms from two aspects of form and meaning, and studies the grammatical and semantic characteristics of "Yan" sentences from a synchronic and multi-angle perspective. The main body of the paper is divided into four parts. The first part, passive semantic word "Yi". Through the diachronic investigation of the word "Yan", we find that the formation of the sentence depends to a great extent on the semantic evolution of the word "Yan", in addition to the argument transformation of the word "Yan". The sentence "Yan" has established its own characteristics since it came into being, that is, colloquial coloring in language style and subjection of semantic color. The second part is the analysis of the format of the sentence "Yan". Through the detailed investigation of "Yan" sentence, we summarize the various forms of "Yan" sentence. There are four types of sentence, namely "A", "with auxiliary word", "go", "with complement" and "reuse". Among them, "A" is the basic form, "too much" and "too much" are the least, and there are six kinds of complements, such as result, tendency, degree, quantity, time and place, and so on. Multiplexing consists of two types of reduplication and combination with other suffering verbs. In the inductive description, we define A as the "affected person" semantically, with [life]: B as the "recognized responsible person", and with [life] C as the "mode of influence". From the various forms of the sentence, we can determine the part of speech of the word "Yan", that is, the verb with its own characteristics. The third part is the semantic features of C. Through the analysis of C component, we find that the restriction condition. C component of entering the sentence "be" can only be served by three kinds of words, namely verb, noun, adjective. The semantic valence feature of verb group [univalent / bivalent], semantic situation feature [action], [ten result], semantic color feature [injurious]; The semantic valence feature [bivalent], the semantic situation feature [influence], the semantic color feature [damage] of the group of nouns, the semantic valence feature of the adjective group [univalent], the feature of semantic situation [causality], the characteristic of semantic color [damage]. Their semantic characteristics restrict the number of verb elements in sentences, in which at least one of the tools and influence elements must appear in the sentence, otherwise the sentence will not hold true. The fourth part, the similarities and differences between the sentence "Yi" and other suffering sentences and "Bei" sentences. By contrasting with other suffering sentences, we find that "Yi" sentences have the same passive meaning as other suffering sentences, but they still have their own characteristics. The biggest difference lies in pragmatics. "Yi" can only mean passive suffering, "affected person" shows low status of communicative psychology, while "receive" and other suffering sentences are widely used. At the same time, we also discuss the similarities and differences between "Yan" and "Bei" sentences, summarize the conditions under which they can be converted, and hope to provide some references for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The main innovations of this paper are: (1) the evolution process of the word "Yan" is investigated comprehensively for the first time, and the formation mechanism of the word "Yan" is analyzed. (2) for the first time, the format and semantic features of the sentence are systematically described. 3) the semantic valence characteristics, semantic situation features and semantic color features of C component are specially studied, which provides a restriction condition for the components that can enter the sentence "Yan".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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