本文選題：張家界 + 漢語方言　； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：張家界處于湘西北的西南官話區(qū),因其較為復(fù)雜的民族成份以及特殊的地理位置,使得該地區(qū)方言具有很多與常見西南官話不同的特點,過渡性質(zhì)比較明顯。本文以張家界方言為研究對象,從歷時與共時的角度,運用靜態(tài)描寫、圖表、統(tǒng)計以及比較等方法對張家界方言的語音系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究。旨在揭示出張家界方言語音的主要特征和演變的大致過程及趨勢,然后結(jié)合前人的觀點探討其歸屬。 本文共分6章： 第1章簡要介紹張家界的地理、歷史、人口、民族、語言使用情況以及張家界方言的研究現(xiàn)狀等。 第2章列出張家界共30個方言點的音系。 第3章將張家界方言與中古音系進(jìn)行比較,全面梳理張家界方言與中古音的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。 本章內(nèi)容中很重要的一點是古入聲的今讀音情況：張家界東、西部的大部分地區(qū)入聲已與其他調(diào)類合并,基本只有四個單字調(diào),而四縣區(qū)交界的中部地區(qū)基本還保留著入聲,多為五個調(diào)類。 第4章分析張家界方言幾個聲韻調(diào)的演變情況。 一、聲母方面： 1.非敷奉與曉匣合口字在今張家界方言中全部相混,非曉組相混主要與介音或主元音u有關(guān)。 2.來自幫非見以及知章組的唇齒音聲母pf、pf是因為受到u的唇齒化作用而后有的一種語音演變。 3.絕大部分地區(qū)今分平翹舌,古知章組基本讀ts組音,莊組有ts、ts兩組讀音,從ts向ts演變的趨勢很明顯。 二、韻母方面： 1. h/h韻來自合口三等,根據(jù)來源及今讀音,可將其分為精見曉與知章不混型、精見曉與知章合流型兩類。 2.蟹攝開口一、二等字有三種讀音,從桑植縣城、慈利縣城的ai演變到張家界市區(qū)的￡,復(fù)元音韻母單元音化。桑植芙蓉橋、馬合口兩個白族鄉(xiāng)有(?)/ε兩個層次的讀音,(?)為白讀層,ε為文讀層,顯然在按著元音高化的路徑進(jìn)行演變。 3.鼻輔音韻尾的今讀音分兩種類型：“三桑san”相混型與“三san／桑saη”不混型。深臻曾梗攝大都收-n尾,前低元音后接舌根鼻音韻尾-η時更容易鼻化,如桑植芙蓉橋、馬合口等地：幫p5、裝tsu5,后高圓唇元音后接舌根鼻音韻尾的oη、ioη最不容易丟失后鼻音韻尾。 三、聲調(diào)方面： 1.永定區(qū)謝家埡鄉(xiāng)以及沅古坪鎮(zhèn)的古全濁上、濁去均與清平字合流讀陰平,合流的原因主要為調(diào)值的相近。 2.慈利縣全境、桑植縣19個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、武陵源1個鄉(xiāng)、永定區(qū)1個鄉(xiāng)的古清去字與古濁平字合流讀陽平。根據(jù)《湖南方言調(diào)查報告》提供的材料以及周邊地區(qū)方言的今讀音,我們認(rèn)為是最近幾十年因為調(diào)值較接近得以合流,與江西贛方言“清去歸陽平”似乎沒有聯(lián)系。由于受到周邊強(qiáng)勢方言的影響,這種合流還未完成就又開始分化,部分字的白讀音念陽平,文讀音念去聲。 3.今張家界有近一半地區(qū)保留入聲調(diào)(包括張家界市區(qū)),但沒有入聲韻尾。無入聲調(diào)的方言中古入聲字主要與古去聲字合流讀去聲或與古清平字合流讀陰平。 第5章介紹湖南白族的來源及分布,然后對占據(jù)湖南白族人口95%以上的張家界以及懷化市沅陵縣的白族漢語方言中存在的幾個語音現(xiàn)象與白語以及江西客贛方言進(jìn)行比較,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)張家界最為典型的白族漢語方言桑植“民家腔”并不像之前認(rèn)為的保留了很多白語的底層,而是與江西方言特別是贛語保持著較高的一致性,這與其移民歷史相吻合。 第6章總體概括張家界方言的語音特點,結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)厝说恼Z感以及前人對張家界方言歸屬的看法,最后通過“古去聲字是否分陰陽”這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將張家界方言分成兩片： 第一片與《漢語官話方言研究》(2010)所分西南官話湖廣片的湘北小片比較一致,特點是古去聲字今分陰陽。 第二片與《漢語官話方言研究》(2010)所分西南官話湖廣片的鄂中小片在整體語言面貌上比較一致,特點是四聲調(diào)值與武漢接近。
[Abstract]:Zhangjiajie is located in the southwest mandarin area of Northwest Hunan. Because of its complicated ethnic composition and special geographical position, the dialect of the region has many characteristics different from the common southwest mandarin, and the transition nature is quite obvious. This article takes the Zhangjiajie dialect as the research object, using the static description, chart, and statistics from the perspective of the calendar and the synchronic. The research on the phonetic system of Zhangjiajie dialect is carried out by comparison and other methods. The purpose is to reveal the main features and the general process and trend of the phonetics in Zhangjiajie dialect, and then to discuss its ownership in the light of the views of the predecessors.
This article is divided into 6 chapters.
The first chapter briefly introduces Zhangjiajie's geography, history, population, ethnic groups, language use, and the current research situation of Zhangjiajie dialect.
The second chapter lists the phonology of the 30 dialect points in Zhangjiajie.
The third chapter compares the Zhangjiajie dialect with the ancient Chinese phonology, and comprehensively combs the correspondence between Zhangjiajie dialect and ancient Chinese pronunciation.
A very important point in the content of this chapter is the pronunciation of the ancient sound. In the East and west of Zhangjiajie, most of the regions have been merged with other types, with only four single words, while the central region at the border of the four counties is basically retained, mostly five categories.
The fourth chapter analyzes the evolution of several tones in Zhangjiajie dialect.
First, the consonant aspect:
1. the combination of non Fu and Xiao box is all mixed up in today's Zhangjiajie dialect. The mixing of the non Xiao group is mainly related to the u or the main vowel.
The 2. is from the lip and tooth consonants of PF and PF, which is due to the labial effect of u, and then a kind of speech evolution.
3. most of the regions are divided into two groups. The ancient knowledge group basically reads TS group sound, Zhuang group has ts, TS two group pronunciation, the trend of evolution from ts to TS is very obvious.
Two, vowel:
The 1. h/h rhyme comes from Hekou three. According to its source and pronunciation, it can be divided into two categories, namely, a clear understanding and a clear understanding.
There are three kinds of pronunciation in the 2. crab opening and two words, from the county town in Sangzhi, the AI of the Cili county to the city of Zhangjiajie, the phonetic unit of compound phonetic unit, the Furong bridge in Sangzhi, and the two Bai townships of the Sangzhi. (?) as the white reading layer, the epsilon is the literary reading layer, and obviously evolves according to the path of vowel high.
3. nasal consonant rhyme of the present pronunciation of two types: "three mulberry San" mixed type and "three San / mulberry SA ETA" type. Deep Zhen Zeng was mostly collected -n tail, the front low vowel after the root nasal sound tail - ETA is more easy to nose, such as Sangzhi Hibiscus bridge, horse's mouth and other places: P5, tsu5, the rear high rounded vowel o ETA, IO ETA It is the most difficult to lose the rear nasal consonant.
Three, tone aspect:
1. the ancient turbidite of Xie Jia Ya Township and the ancient town of Yuan Gu in Yongding District, both of which are combined with Qingping characters to read Yin and Ping, are the main reasons for convergence.
2. Cili County, 19 villages and towns in Sangzhi County, 1 townships in Wulingyuan and 1 townships in Yongding District, and the ancient Qing Dynasty words and the ancient turbid words together to read Yang Ping. According to the materials provided by the Hunan dialect survey report and the modern pronunciation of the dialects in the surrounding areas, we think that it is in recent decades that the value of the adjustment is close, and the dialect of the Jiangxi Gan dialect is "clear to the sun" There seems to be no connection. Due to the influence of the surrounding strong dialects, this kind of confluence has not been completed yet.
3. in today's Zhangjiajie, nearly half of the areas are kept in the tone (including Zhangjiajie city), but there is no sound of sound.
The fifth chapter introduces the origin and distribution of the Bai people in Hunan, and then compares some phonetic phenomena in the Bai dialect in the Bai Chinese dialect, which occupies more than 95% of the Bai population in Hunan and Huaihua city Yuanling County, and compares the dialect between the Bai dialect and the Jiangxi guest Gan dialect. The result is the discovery of the most typical Bai Chinese dialect of the Zhangjiajie, the "people's house" in the Bai Chinese dialect of the Zhangjiajie, and in Sangzhi. Unlike those previously believed to retain a lot of white language at the bottom, they maintained a high consistency with Jiangxi dialect, especially Gan dialect, which coincided with its immigration history.
The sixth chapter generalizes the phonetic characteristics of Zhangjiajie dialect, and combines the language sense of the local people as well as the predecessors' views on the ownership of Zhangjiajie dialect. Finally, the Zhangjiajie dialect is divided into two pieces by the standard of "whether the ancient Chinese words are divided into yin and Yang".
The first piece is compared with the Chinese Mandarin dialect study (2010).
The second tablets and the Chinese Mandarin dialect study (2010) are in the same language in the overall language of the Hubei Province, which is divided into the Huguang films of the Southwest Mandarin. The feature is that the four tone value is close to Wuhan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H172.3

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本文編號：2019482