發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-14 22:29

  本文選題：零致使動詞 + “聽任”義��； 參考：《溫州大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：“零致使”動詞就是表示“聽任”義的動詞，該義類表達(dá)一種既不推動又不阻止的致使力，本文將這種“致使”義命名為“零致使”義。這是漢語動詞范疇中“非原生”的一個(gè)義類，其萌生時(shí)期大約是南北朝至唐代。對于“零致使”動詞這一小類的成員，前人已有相關(guān)研究，主要著眼于其歷時(shí)演變和詞義研究，但鮮有學(xué)者從“致使”的角度對這些動詞進(jìn)行總體的歸納與闡釋。呂叔湘先生最早從“致使”的角度對這類動詞進(jìn)行研究，他從語義角度將“致使”義分成“正致使”、“負(fù)致使”和“中立致使”，其中“中立致使”一類與“零致使”有相似之處。但呂先生之后，學(xué)者們未能深入地從“致使”意義和功能的角度研究這類動詞。通過運(yùn)用語義學(xué)、句法學(xué)和認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的基本理論，采取描寫法、個(gè)案分析法、歸納法，在前人的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步討論漢語的零致使動詞，從歷時(shí)層面探究其語義來源和萌生的句法條件，從共時(shí)層面分析其所呈現(xiàn)的語義、句法和語用特征，并揭示其向縱予連詞、無條件連詞發(fā)展的方向及演變條件。本文的結(jié)構(gòu)分為五章。 第一章主要界定零致使動詞的概念，并分析其與致使范疇的關(guān)系；介紹前人對于零致使動詞及由零致使動詞發(fā)展而來的縱予連詞、無條件連詞等的研究成果。 第二章主要探討零致使動詞的語義演變軌跡。選取具有代表性的七個(gè)零致使動詞，描寫其在歷史發(fā)展過程中的語義演變，總結(jié)漢語零致使動詞的產(chǎn)生原因和演變路徑；另外簡略介紹其他四個(gè)零致使動詞。 第三章主要介紹零致使動詞的語法化方向。在漢語史上，零致使動詞呈現(xiàn)出較為一致的演變規(guī)律，主要向縱予連詞、無條件連詞發(fā)展。通過分析零致使動詞和連詞的語義聯(lián)系和句法關(guān)系，探討其演變路徑和演變規(guī)律。 第四章主要從共時(shí)層面分析零致使動詞在句中所呈現(xiàn)的句法、語義和語用特征。從認(rèn)知語言學(xué)角度出發(fā)，零致使句的構(gòu)成要素包括四個(gè)方面：零致使主體、零致使客體、零致使事件、零致使力，對這四個(gè)構(gòu)成要素進(jìn)行分析，可以更好地揭示零致使動詞的“零致使”特征及其與致使義的聯(lián)系。 第五章是結(jié)語部分。通過歷時(shí)探索和共時(shí)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，從語義上看，所選取的十一個(gè)零致使動詞呈現(xiàn)出從源詞義到聽任義的轉(zhuǎn)變，但源詞義的個(gè)性特征較明顯，語義演變路徑不同；從句法上看，兼語式是這些零致使動詞萌生的共同語法條件；從語用上看，零致使義兼語式呈現(xiàn)出“消極讓步”的格式意義，，表達(dá)一種默認(rèn)允許的主觀態(tài)度。另外，漢語史中存在零致使動詞到縱予連詞和無條件連詞的演變路徑。
[Abstract]:The verb "zero causation" is a verb that means "to accept" meaning. This kind of meaning expresses a causative force which is neither promoted nor prevented. In this paper, the meaning of "cause" is named "zero causation". This is a non-native category in the category of Chinese verbs, which originated from the Southern and Northern dynasties to the Tang Dynasty. As for the members of the "zero causation" verb category, previous studies have focused mainly on its diachronic evolution and word meaning, but few scholars generalize and interpret these verbs from the perspective of "causation". Mr. Lv Shuxiang first studied these verbs from the point of view of "causation", dividing the meaning of "causation" into "positive causation", "negative causation" and "neutral causation" from a semantic point of view. There are similarities between neutral causation and zero causation. But after Mr. Lu, scholars failed to study these verbs from the perspective of the meaning and function of causation. Based on the basic theories of semantics, syntax and cognitive linguistics, this paper discusses the zero causative verbs in Chinese on the basis of descriptive method, case analysis and induction. From the diachronic level, this paper probes into its semantic source and the syntactic conditions of its initiation, analyzes its semantic, syntactic and pragmatic features from the synchronic level, and reveals the direction and evolution conditions of its development towards the vertical conjunctions and unconditional conjunctions. The structure of this paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter mainly defines the concept of zero causative verb and analyzes its relationship with the category of causation, and introduces the previous research results on zero causative verb and the development of vertical conjunctions and unconditional conjunctions from zero causative verbs. The second chapter mainly discusses the semantic evolution of zero causative verbs. This paper selects seven representative zero causative verbs to describe their semantic evolution in the course of historical development, summarizes the causes and evolution paths of the zero causative verbs in Chinese, and briefly introduces the other four zero causative verbs. The third chapter mainly introduces the grammaticalization of zero-causative verbs. In the history of Chinese, zero causative verbs show a more consistent evolution, mainly to vertical conjunctions and unconditional conjunctions. By analyzing the semantic and syntactic relations of zero causative verbs and conjunctions, this paper probes into the evolution path and rules of zero causative verbs and conjunctions. Chapter four mainly analyzes the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of zero causative verbs in sentences from a synchronic perspective. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, the constituent elements of zero causative sentence include four aspects: zero causative subject, zero causative object, zero causative event, zero causative force. It can better reveal the "zero causation" characteristic of zero causative verb and its relation with causative meaning. The fifth chapter is the conclusion. Through diachronic exploration and synchronic analysis, it is found that, from the semantic point of view, the selected eleven zero causative verbs show a change from the source word meaning to the laissez-faire meaning, but the individual characteristics of the source word meaning are more obvious, and the semantic evolution path is different. The paraphrase is the common grammatical condition of these zero causative verbs, and from a pragmatic point of view, the zero-causative semantic form presents the formal meaning of "negative concession" and expresses a subjective attitude which is allowed by default. In addition, there is an evolutionary path from zero causative verbs to vertical conjunctions and unconditional conjunctions in Chinese history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：溫州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H14

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本文編號：2019185