本文選題：多義詞 + 語義特征　； 參考：《吉林大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：多義性是自然語言的一個本質(zhì)特征，語言中存在著各種形式、不同層次的多義現(xiàn)象，多義現(xiàn)象更有復雜的形成機制和運作原理。詞匯是語言的載體，所以詞匯研究應該得到重視。漢語多義詞的研究是近年來熱門的認知語言學的主要研究內(nèi)容之一，國外的學者從不同的角度對多義詞現(xiàn)象進行論述，取得了較為豐碩的成果，國內(nèi)語言學者對多義詞的認知研究也在不斷地擴展、深化和完善。但國內(nèi)外的學者們都將對多義詞的研究焦點投放在詞義的擴展方式及多義性和文化的關系等方面，尚未對多義詞的功能問題給予更多地關注。本文正是立足于此觀點，將漢語多義詞的研究限定在認知語言學的視域內(nèi)，對漢語多義詞的意義網(wǎng)絡構建和多義詞的功能問題做了較為全面地考察，論述角度繼承并發(fā)展了索緒爾關于詞義解釋的“意念論”觀點，將詞的意義界定為“詞指稱對象條件的集合”，將詞的“語義特征”看成是它的“指稱條件”。一個詞語只用來指稱一個事物的時候，它只有一個意義。當一個詞可以用來指稱很多不同的對象時，那么詞的多義性就產(chǎn)生了，不論這個詞是通過什么方式（隱喻或轉(zhuǎn)喻）實現(xiàn)的，這個詞就是多義詞。 本文以“口”類屬語義場中的多義詞“吃”為例，對多義詞“吃”的考察采用“共時”和“歷時”相結合的方法。全文包括引言、正文、結論三個部分，正文部分包含五章：文獻綜述、多義詞的性質(zhì)和特征、多義詞產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)在機制和途徑、多義詞的語義網(wǎng)絡模式和多義詞功能的實現(xiàn)。 引言部分，介紹了選題的意義、研究的整體思路、研究方法以及材料的說明。 第一章，文獻綜述，評價了國內(nèi)和國外對多義詞和一詞多義問題研究的進展。分別從國內(nèi)認知語言學對多義詞的研究、國內(nèi)認知語言學對多義詞“吃”的研究、國外認知語言學對多義詞的研究三個方面進行了研究述評。 第二章，多義詞的性質(zhì)和特征分析，是本文的理論基礎，是本文研究的根基。首先討論了有關詞義的屬性，將“詞義”界定為“對象條件的總和，即實現(xiàn)指稱功能的條件集合。”然后界定了多義詞的意義，即多義詞是能用于指稱兩個或兩個以上的對象的詞。并討論了“多義詞”的性質(zhì)和特征，最后將“同音同形異義詞”、“一詞多義”、“古今義變詞”和“功能詞”排除在多義詞的范疇之外。 第三章，多義詞產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)在機制和途徑分析。多義詞的產(chǎn)生源于語言形式的有限性和交際需要的無限性，詞義（指稱條件的范疇化特征）是多義詞產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)在機制，即指稱條件的范疇化特征。認知范疇為多義詞的產(chǎn)生提供了基礎，而隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻是多義詞產(chǎn)生的途徑，這種認知途徑使得詞義由單一變?yōu)槎嗔x。 第四章，探討多義詞的語義網(wǎng)絡模式，這一章也是本文的核心章節(jié)。傳統(tǒng)的研究把這個網(wǎng)絡按照多義詞義項的地位分成基本意義和引申意義，引申意義是從基本意義派生出來的。另一種解釋著眼于各個意義之間的聯(lián)系方式分為各種不同的模式，探討了多義詞各個義項之間的關系，尋找計算多義詞義項數(shù)量的辦法。實際上語義網(wǎng)絡是很復雜的，本章以語義特征為核心，以“口”類屬語義場中的多義詞“吃”為例，研究構建多義詞的語義網(wǎng)絡模式。最后得出結論，詞義的變化是由兩種模式?jīng)Q定的——指稱條件獨立和指稱條件交集。 第五章，探討多義詞功能的實現(xiàn)。詞的功能就是指稱對象，意義是在指稱對象的過程中顯現(xiàn)出來的。多義詞功能的實現(xiàn)指的就是多義詞指稱某個對象。多義詞指稱功能的實現(xiàn)與人的認知語境關系密切，多義詞指稱功能的實現(xiàn)要滿足語境和諧原則，而語境和諧是通過語境的可及性原則得以實現(xiàn)的。最后，還列舉了多義詞句法功能的特殊例證：語言的幽默、雙關和諷刺，并發(fā)現(xiàn)多義詞的歧義問題是造成這些例證出現(xiàn)的根本原因。 第六章為結論，認為多義詞的新意義建構通過兩種方式：①原有指稱限制條件獨立或組合。②原有指稱限制條件向新限制集合投射并突顯。并認為多義詞的功能通過語境可及性原則得以實現(xiàn)。本文解決了多義詞的意義建構以及其功能實現(xiàn)問題，但沒有從根本解決多義詞義項數(shù)量的問題，對多義詞的功能實現(xiàn)問題研究得也不夠深入。不管怎樣，，通過“指稱限制條件”來討論意義及功能實現(xiàn)問題都是一個全新的視角，為今后的多義詞研究開辟了一個新方向。
[Abstract]:The study of polysemous words in Chinese is one of the main research contents of cognitive linguistics .

In this paper , taking the " eat " as an example in the semantic field of " mouth " , this paper applies the method of " co - operation " and " diachronic " to the study of the " eating " of polysemous words . The whole includes three parts : preface , text and conclusion . The text part contains five chapters : literature review , the nature and characteristics of polysemous words , the intrinsic mechanism and approach of polysemous words , the semantic network model of polysemous words and the realization of polysemous functions .

The introduction part introduces the significance of the topic selection , the overall thinking of the research , the research method and the explanation of material .

In the first chapter , the article reviews the progress of researches on polysemous words and polysemous words in China and abroad , and reviews the study of polysemous words from the perspective of cognitive linguistics in China , the study on the " eating " of polysemous words in China , and the study on the study of polysemous words in foreign cognitive linguistics .

The second chapter , the nature and the characteristic analysis of polysemous words , is the theoretical basis of this paper , and it is the basis of the study . First , we discuss the meaning of the word meaning , and define the meaning of the word meaning as " the sum of object conditions , that is , the condition set for realizing the alleged function . " Then it defines the meaning of the polysemous word , that is , the polysemous word is the word which can be used to refer to two or more objects .

In the third chapter , the intrinsic mechanism and approach of polysemous words are analyzed . The creation of polysemous words is derived from the limitation of language form and the infinity of communication needs . It is the intrinsic mechanism of the formation of polysemous words , that is , the categorization characteristics of the alleged conditions . The cognitive category provides the basis for the creation of polysemous words .

In the fourth chapter , the semantic network model of polysemous words is discussed . The chapter is also the core of this paper . The traditional study divides the network into basic meaning and significance from the basic meaning .

Chapter 5 discusses the realization of the function of polysemous words . The function of the word is to refer to the object , meaning is manifested in the process of the alleged object . The realization of the polysemous function refers to the fact that the realization of the polysemous function is closely related to the human cognitive context .

In the sixth chapter , it is concluded that the new meaning construction of polysemous words can be realized in two ways : ( 1 ) the original reference restriction condition is independent or combined . 鈶

本文編號：1956465