本文選題：請求類交際意圖 + 實現(xiàn)條件��； 參考：《吉林大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：本文的研究源于對請求類言語交際過程的經驗闡釋。解決的核心問題就是：人們是如何用語言的形式滿足“請求他人實施某事”的需求。以往關于請求言語行為的研究并沒有在言語交際經驗層面上找到話語形式所表達的意義的核心部分，即請求類交際意圖。用“言外之意”、“會話含義”掩蓋了話語形式實現(xiàn)的整體話語意義，致使無法解釋不同話語形式實現(xiàn)請求言語行為的不同之處。本文試圖從請求交際意圖出發(fā)，全面闡釋請求交際意圖的實現(xiàn)過程。 全文由七個章節(jié)和一個結語構成。 第1章引言。確定研究立場、思路和價值。本文從言語交際經驗層面考察“人為什么交際”的問題。說話作為言語行為，動機源于人的需求，人可以選擇多種方式來滿足需求，當人可以用語言的形式來滿足需求時，便產生了交際意圖。交際意圖是人開口說話的動因，沒有交際意圖的存在人便沒有任何說話的理由。因此，請求言語交際過程具體體現(xiàn)為：在一定交際語境中，請求者選擇一定的話語形式實現(xiàn)請求類交際意圖的過程，這便是本文的研究立場。 請求類交際意圖的實現(xiàn)過程就是請求者建立話語形式和請求類交際意圖關聯(lián)的過程。這個過程具體表現(xiàn)為：請求類交際意圖—實現(xiàn)條件—實現(xiàn)途徑—話語形式—話語意義這五個方面。這五個方面相互聯(lián)系，表現(xiàn)于請求交際意圖實現(xiàn)的整個過程中。 本文的研究價值：理論上，真正從言語交際經驗出發(fā)，從話語形式表達的內容中提取出核心意義—請求交際意圖。交際意圖的提出為建構句類系統(tǒng)提供了理論依據。抽象概括出判定話語形式和請求交際意圖連接的標準，即請求交際意圖的實現(xiàn)圖式。并從整體出發(fā)，系統(tǒng)的闡釋話語形式和請求交際意圖的連接過程。實踐上，為實現(xiàn)對外漢語的功能教學和語言能力測試提供了理論依據。 第2章相關理論綜述。本章對國內外相關理論進行梳理。國內對請求類言語交際的研究主要涉及句類和句類轉換這兩個方面。國外主要圍繞“如何從字面意義推出言外之意”的問題而展開。它們的研究均涉及言語功能、實現(xiàn)條件、實現(xiàn)策略和話語意義等問題，這是本文研究的出發(fā)點。 第3章請求類言語交際行為結構。語言研究的對象是言語交際。言語交際是在一定的交際語境中，說話者選擇一定的話語形式實現(xiàn)交際意圖的過程。從社會行為的角度，言語交際過程可以抽象概括為言語交際模式，言語交際模式作為一個整體，構成成分分別為請求類交際意圖、請求者和被請求者、交際語境和話語形式四部分。每個構成成分并不是獨立的，均以言語交際模式作為存在的前提，相互關聯(lián)、相互依存。 在請求言語交際模式中，請求類交際意圖的實現(xiàn)結構體現(xiàn)為：請求者請求被請求者實施某種行為。其中請求實現(xiàn)結構為：請求者請求被請求者實現(xiàn)某種行為；請求事件結構為：被請求者實施某種行為。 第4章請求類言語交際的實現(xiàn)條件。在請求類交際意圖實現(xiàn)的過程中，我們對請求者需要滿足的條件進行抽象概括，得出請求類言語交際的實現(xiàn)條件，分別為：請求者的需求、被請求者意愿或義務、被請求者的能力、行為X的構成成分。 第5章請求類言語交際的實現(xiàn)過程。請求類言語交際的實現(xiàn)過程就是圍繞如何建立話語形式和請求類交際意圖的關聯(lián)而進行的。請求類言語交際實現(xiàn)圖式由請求類交際意圖的實現(xiàn)結構和請求類交際意圖的實現(xiàn)條件組成。在實際的言語交際中，請求類交際意圖的實現(xiàn)圖式是判斷一個話語形式是否實現(xiàn)請求類交際意圖的唯一標準。它作為一個整體，存儲于人的長時記憶中。因此當一個話語形式標識任何一個實現(xiàn)條件時，均可以激活實現(xiàn)條件圖式，進而符合請求類交際意圖實現(xiàn)的標準，最終實現(xiàn)請求類交際意圖。這個“標識—激活”的過程是請求類交際意圖的實現(xiàn)機制。 在請求類言語交際過程中，，請求者選擇標識哪種實現(xiàn)條件以及選擇用什么方式標識實現(xiàn)條件，均要遵循實現(xiàn)原則。請求者在選擇話語形式標識請求類交際意圖實現(xiàn)結構或實現(xiàn)條件時，需要遵循關聯(lián)性原則和適應性原則。關聯(lián)性原則，指話語形式一定和請求類交際意圖相關聯(lián)；適應性原則，指請求者選擇與交際語境相適應的話語形式來實現(xiàn)請求類交際意圖。 請求者在選擇原則的制約下，選擇標識請求類交際意圖實現(xiàn)結構或實現(xiàn)條件的途徑。請求類交際意圖的實現(xiàn)途徑主要包括：直接途徑，用結構化的語言成分標識請求類交際意圖的實現(xiàn)結構；推理途徑，話語形式和請求類交際意圖實現(xiàn)條件的連接經過一些中間環(huán)節(jié)，給交際主體的推理留有一定空間，這些推理是通過主體約定、有關常識經驗的認知圖式和詢問形式激活選擇結構的方式實現(xiàn)的。 第6章請求類言語交際的話語形式。請求類交際意圖的實現(xiàn)過程是選擇一定的實現(xiàn)途徑標識請求類交際意圖實現(xiàn)結構或實現(xiàn)條件的過程。根據標識對象的不同，我們把請求類交際意圖實現(xiàn)類型分為：實現(xiàn)結構型和實現(xiàn)條件型。請求類言語交際的話語形式是對請求類交際意圖實現(xiàn)類型的符號化過程。在這個符號化的過程中，研究請求類交際意圖的話語形式結構，包括結構中各成分的出現(xiàn)情況，以及各成分的意義。 第7章請求類言語交際的話語意義。請求類交際意圖的話語意義是由請求類交際意圖和社會文化意義組成的。請求類交際意圖是話語意義的核心，但不是全部，社會文化意義作為請求類話語意義的一部分是在選擇標識請求類交際意圖實現(xiàn)途徑的過程中建立的。 第8章結語。論述本文的研究前景和不足之處。
[Abstract]:The study of this paper is based on an empirical interpretation of the process of verbal communication. The core of the problem is how people meet the needs of "asking others to carry out something" in the form of language. The previous study of the speech act of the request did not find the core of the meaning expressed in the language form. In part, it is the communicative intention of the request class. Using "meaning", "conversational implicature" covers the overall discourse meaning of the realization of the discourse form, which makes it impossible to explain the differences in the realization of the request speech act in different discourse forms. This article tries to explain the process of the realization of the communicative intention from the request of the communicative intention.
The full text is composed of seven chapters and one conclusion.
The first chapter is an introduction to determine the position, thought and value of the study. This article examines the question of "why people communicate" from the level of verbal communication experience. Speaking as speech act, motivation deriving from human needs, people can choose various ways to meet demand. When people can meet the needs in the form of language, they produce communicative intention. It is the motive of a person to speak, and there is no reason for any speech without the existence of a communicative intention. Therefore, the process of requesting verbal communication is embodied in the process of choosing a certain form of discourse in a certain communicative context, which is the research position of this article.
The process of the realization of the communicative intention of the request class is the process of establishing the interrelation between the form of discourse and the communicative intention of the request class. This process is manifested in the following five aspects: the communicative intention of the request class - the realization condition - the realization approach - the discourse form - the discourse meaning. These five aspects are interconnected, and are manifested in the realization of the communicative intention of the request. Throughout the process.
The value of the study is: in theory, from the point of view of verbal communication, the core meaning is extracted from the content expressed in the form of discourse. The presentation of the communicative intention provides a theoretical basis for the construction of a sentence type system. In practice, it provides a theoretical basis for the realization of functional teaching and language ability testing in Chinese as a foreign language.
The second chapter is a summary of the related theories. This chapter combs the relevant theories at home and abroad. The domestic research on the speech communication of the request category mainly involves the two aspects of the sentence class and the sentence class conversion. The foreign countries mainly focus on the problem of "how to introduce the meaning from the literal meaning". Their research involves the function of speech, the realization of the conditions and the realization of the policy. This is the starting point of this study.
The third chapter is about the communicative structure of verbal communication. The object of language study is verbal communication. Speech communication is a process in which a speaker chooses a certain form of discourse in a certain communicative context. From the perspective of social behavior, the process of verbal communication can be abstracted as a verbal communication model and a verbal communication model as a one. As a whole, the constituent elements are the four parts of the communicative intention, the requester and the requestor, the communicative context and the form of discourse. Each component is not independent, and all of them are the precondition of the verbal communication model, interrelated and interdependent.
In the mode of requesting verbal communication, the realization structure of the communicative intention of the request class is that the requestor asks the requestor to carry out some kind of behavior. The request realization structure is: the requester requests the requestor to realize some kind of behavior; the request event structure is the requestor to carry out some kind of behavior.
The fourth chapter is the realization condition of the request class speech communication. In the process of realizing the communicative intention of the request class, we abstractly summarize the conditions that the requestor needs to satisfy, and draw the realization conditions of the request class speech communication, which are the demands of the requestor, the wishes or obligations of the requestor, the requestor's ability and the composition of the behavior X.
The fifth chapter is the realization process of the speech communication of the request class. The realization process of the request class speech communication is carried out around how to establish the relation between the discourse form and the communicative intention of the request class. The realization schema of the request class speech communication realization form is composed of the realization structure of the communicative intention of the request class and the realization of the communicative intention of the request class. In communication, the realization schema of the communicative intention of the request class is the only criterion to judge whether a discourse form realizes the communicative intention of the request class. As a whole, it is stored in the human long term memory. Therefore, when a discourse form identifies any realization condition, it can stimulate the realization of the conditional schema, and then conform to the request class communication. The standard of intention realization ultimately realizes the communicative intention of request class. The process of "identification activation" is the realization mechanism of request class's communicative intention.
In the process of requesting speech communication, the requestor chooses which realization condition and how to identify the conditions of realization, all of which should follow the principle of realization. The requester should follow the principle of connection and the principle of adaptability when choosing the form to identify the communicative intention of the request class, and the principle of relevance and adaptability. The form of discourse must be related to the communicative intention of the request class, and the principle of adaptability means that the requestor chooses the form of discourse adapted to the communicative context to realize the communicative intention of the request class.
The requestor, under the restriction of the selection principle, selects the way to identify the communicative intention of the request class. The ways to realize the communicative intention of the request category mainly include: the direct way, identifying the realization structure of the communicative intention of the request class with the structured language component, the reasoning approach, the discourse form and the communication intention of the request class. The connection of conditional connections, through some intermediate links, has a certain space for the reasoning of the communicative subject. These reasoning is realized by the way of the subject agreement, the cognitive schemata of common sense experience and the form of inquiry in the form of inquiry.
The sixth chapter is the discourse form of the verbal communication of the request class. The process of realizing the communicative intention of the request class is the process of selecting a certain realization way to identify the communicative intention of the request class to realize the structure or the condition of realization. According to the difference of the identified object, we divide the types of the communicative intention of the request class into: the realization of the structure type and the realization condition type. The discourse form of communicative language is a symbolic process of the type of communicative intention of the request class. In this symbolic process, the discourse form structure of the communicative intention of the request class is studied, including the appearance of the components in the structure and the meaning of each component.
The seventh chapter is the discourse meaning of the request class communication. The discourse meaning of the communicative intention of the request class is composed of the communicative intention of the request class and the social cultural meaning. The communicative intention of the request class is the core of the discourse meaning, but not all. The social cultural meaning is a part of the choice of the communicative intention of the request class. It is established in the process of the present approach.
The eighth chapter is the conclusion. It discusses the research prospects and shortcomings of this paper.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H136

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