本文選題：聲學特征 + 元音格局��； 參考：《湖南大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文對兩名0；9-2；0月齡南方漢語男童進行縱向跟蹤調查研究,目的一是探究媽媽語(motherese)與兒童元音格局發(fā)展的關系,二是為南方漢語兒童元音格局習得提供系統的證據,驗證早期交互假說,探索語言環(huán)境對兒童元音格局發(fā)展的作用。其研究意義是：一、該研究涵蓋了對0；9-2；0月齡幼兒元音共振峰模式的研究；二、亮明幼兒元音習得的過程；三、填補了幼兒元音格局習得研究的空白。 本文具體探討以下三個問題： 1.南方漢語幼兒元音的第一和第二共振峰的變化趨勢是怎樣的? 2.南方漢語幼兒的元音格局呈現什么樣的聲學特征? 3.媽媽語對幼兒的元音格局習得有何影響? 受試者是兩名0；9-2；0月齡長沙普通話幼兒(XZ, LY)與其媽媽。他們均為獨生子女,智力,聽力和語言能力正常。在家中,南方漢語是他們主要的日常交流語言。錄音和攝像幾乎每周進行一次,每次持續(xù)50-60分鐘。攝像機型號是SONY ICD-SX35,錄音筆型號為SONY ICD-SX35。錄音和攝像均在自然狀態(tài)下完成。父母親在錄音,攝像過程中與兒童進行語言交流。此研究中,每位受試者都有24次錄音和攝像語料,XZ的媽媽在場次數為16次,LY的媽媽24次都在場。 本研究語料取自六個年齡段,分別為：0；9,1；0,1；3,1；6,1；9,2；0。共有48個錄音和攝像段,總共提取了984個元音,在XZ的發(fā)音中提取了404個元音,LY的580個。此外,我們還提取了兩位媽媽在錄音和攝像時段的出席率和后續(xù)單獨錄音中的語料,兩位媽媽語料中提取的元音數同等,總共提取了276個元音。所有語料被導入電腦,通過Cool Edit Pro(2.1版本)把語料轉換成音頻格式,用Praat(5.1.37版本)對語音進行標注,所有語料均采用嚴式國際音標標注,然后使用腳本文件獲取元音共振峰絕對值。本方向研究者對語音進行了標注,并由兩名語言學專業(yè)的研究生進行核對,內部信度達96.75%,外部信度達91.05%。 主要發(fā)現有： 1)幼兒元音共振峰值的變化都呈下降趨勢,隨著年齡的增長,幼兒元音的第一、第二共振峰差異越來越小。這一發(fā)現與Eguchi和Hirsh(1969)的發(fā)現一致。 2)元音格局的聲學特征呈現不斷擴張的特點,第一和第二共振峰在元音格局圖中不斷向邊緣拓展。此外,兩名幼兒在元音格局圖中的拓展均向diffuse-grave方向拓展,而且向grave方向的拓展比diffuse方向的拓展更顯著。 3)該研究支持了Boysson-Bardies等的早期交互假說,具體來說,媽媽與幼兒交流越頻繁,幼兒漂向母語成人語言的進程越快。研究結果不支持獨立假設。
[Abstract]:In this paper, a longitudinal follow-up study was carried out on two Southern Chinese boys aged from 9 to 2 months. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the mother language motheres) and the development of the vowel pattern of children, and to provide systematic evidence for the acquisition of the vowel pattern of Chinese children in southern China. To verify the early interaction hypothesis and explore the role of language environment in the development of vowel patterns in children. The significance of this study is as follows: first, this study covers the study of the resonant peak pattern of the vowel in children aged from 9 to 2 months; second, the acquisition process of the vowel is clearly defined; thirdly, it fills up the blank in the study of the acquisition of the vowel pattern. This paper discusses the following three issues: 1. What is the change trend of the first and second resonance peaks of Chinese vowels in southern China? 2. What acoustical characteristics does the vowel pattern of Southern Chinese children have? 3. What effect does mother's language have on the acquisition of vowel patterns? The subjects were two 0-month-old Changsha mandarin children (XZ, LY) and their mothers. They are all only children with normal intelligence, hearing and language abilities. At home, Southern Chinese is their main language of daily communication. Recording and video recording are conducted almost once a week, each time lasting 50-60 minutes. The camera model is SONY ICD-SX35 and the recording pen model is SONY ICD-SX35. Recording and video recording are completed in a natural state. Parents communicate with their children during recording and video recording. In this study, each participant had 24 recordings and video recordings of XZ's mother present 16 times and LY's mother 24 times present. The data of this study were taken from six age groups, namely: 1 / 0 / 9 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 A total of 48 recording and video segments were extracted, totally 984 vowels were extracted, and 580 of 404 vowels LY were extracted from XZ pronunciation. In addition, we also extracted the attendance rate of two mothers in the recording and video recording period and the following individual recording data. The vowels extracted from the two mothers' corpus were the same, and a total of 276 vowels were extracted. All the data are imported into computer, and the data are converted into audio format by Cool Edit Pro(2.1 version. The voice is annotated with Praat(5.1.37 version. All the corpus is annotated with strict international phonetic alphabet, and then the absolute value of vowel resonance peak is obtained by script file. The phonetic tagging was carried out by the direction researchers and checked by two postgraduates majoring in linguistics. The internal reliability was 96.75 and the external reliability was 91.05%. The main findings are: 1) the variation of vowel resonance peak in young children showed a downward trend. With the increase of age, the difference between the first and second resonance peaks of vowels became smaller and smaller. This finding is consistent with that found by Eguchi and Hirshen (1969). 2) the acoustical characteristics of vowel pattern are constantly expanding, and the first and second resonance peaks extend to the edge in the vowel pattern map. In addition, the expansion of the two children in the vowel pattern map both extended to the direction of diffuse-grave, and the expansion to the direction of grave was more significant than that of the direction of diffuse. 3) this study supports the early interaction hypothesis of Boysson-Bardies et al. Specifically, the more frequent communication between mother and child, the faster the process of children drifting to native adult language. The results do not support the independent hypothesis.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H193.1

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本文編號：1940597