本文選題：“空”和“虛” + 句法形式　； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文主要探討現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中預(yù)設(shè)否定副詞“空”和“虛”在句法形式、語(yǔ)義特點(diǎn)、主觀性表達(dá)以及語(yǔ)法化方面的差異。除前言和結(jié)論外，，主要分為四個(gè)部分： 第一章著重分析了“空”和“虛”這兩個(gè)預(yù)設(shè)否定副詞在句法分布和搭配方式上的差異。對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中七個(gè)預(yù)設(shè)否定副詞“白、空、干、瞎、徒、虛、枉”在句法形式方面的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行大致比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們有一定的共性，但在使用的年代、范圍、方式、頻率等方面也存在一定的差異。本章從句法成分的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、搭配動(dòng)詞的靜態(tài)分類(lèi)、搭配對(duì)象的語(yǔ)義特征以及否定副詞疊加的組合搭配等方面，對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)預(yù)設(shè)否定副詞“空”和“虛”的句法特征做出共時(shí)平面的形式描寫(xiě)和分析比較。 第二章主要研究預(yù)設(shè)否定副詞“空”和“虛”在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中語(yǔ)義特點(diǎn)與語(yǔ)體特征方面的差異。本章以各類(lèi)工具書(shū)中的注釋為基礎(chǔ)，從間接比較到直接比較對(duì)“空”和“虛”的個(gè)性特征進(jìn)行了深層次挖掘，以充分地闡述這兩個(gè)副詞在共時(shí)平面的語(yǔ)義表達(dá)特性。我們認(rèn)為“空”和“虛”的所有語(yǔ)義特征都是表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的一種“傾向性的主觀情態(tài)”，這就是高層次語(yǔ)義，也是主觀性語(yǔ)義。 第三章重點(diǎn)考察否定副詞“空”和“虛”的主觀程度和表達(dá)效果的差異。通過(guò)借鑒認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的相關(guān)知識(shí)尤其是理想化認(rèn)知模式理論，以及主觀性、主觀化理論，重點(diǎn)對(duì)語(yǔ)言事實(shí)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描寫(xiě)與功能解釋?zhuān)覀冋J(rèn)為主觀性既可以是語(yǔ)義上的表現(xiàn)也可以是語(yǔ)用上的表達(dá)效果。 第四章著眼于探討“空”與“虛”的語(yǔ)法化動(dòng)因與機(jī)制差異。通過(guò)查找兩詞在歷史文獻(xiàn)中的使用情況，從自身語(yǔ)義條件和句法環(huán)境兩個(gè)方面展開(kāi)論述語(yǔ)法化的動(dòng)因，探尋語(yǔ)義發(fā)生演變的臨界點(diǎn)，進(jìn)而結(jié)合映射和意象圖式等理論從認(rèn)知隱喻和語(yǔ)用推理方面討論觸發(fā)這種語(yǔ)法化現(xiàn)象的機(jī)制，以及兩詞在虛化的過(guò)程中主觀化程度所發(fā)生的變化。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the differences in syntactic form, semantic characteristics, subjective expression and grammaticalization between the presupposition negative adverbs "empty" and "vacuity" in modern Chinese. In addition to the preface and conclusion, it is divided into four parts: Chapter one focuses on the differences of syntactic distribution and collocation between empty and empty presupposition negative adverbs. By comparing the syntactic characteristics of the seven presupposition negative adverbs "White, empty, dry, blind, empty, empty and vain" in modern Chinese, it is found that they have some common features, but in the age, scope and mode of use, There are some differences in frequency and so on. In this chapter, the structural characteristics of syntactic components, the static classification of collocation verbs, the semantic characteristics of collocation objects and the combination and collocation of superposition of negative adverbs are discussed. The syntactic features of the presupposition negative adverbs "empty" and "empty" in modern Chinese are described and compared in synchronic plane. The second chapter mainly studies the differences between "empty" and "empty" in the semantic and stylistic features of the presupposition negative adverbs in modern Chinese. Based on the notes in various reference books, this chapter excavates the personality characteristics of "empty" and "empty" from indirect comparison to direct comparison, in order to fully expound the semantic expression characteristics of these two adverbs in the synchronic plane. We think that all the semantic features of "empty" and "empty" are the subjective modality of expressing the speaker's tendency, which is high level semantics and subjective semantics. The third chapter focuses on the difference of the subjective degree and expression effect of negative adverbs "empty" and "empty". By learning from the relevant knowledge of cognitive linguistics, especially the idealized cognitive model theory, as well as subjective and subjective theory, this paper focuses on the detailed description and functional explanation of linguistic facts. We think that subjectivity can be both semantic expression and pragmatic expression effect. Chapter four focuses on the grammatical motivation and mechanism difference between emptiness and vacuity. By looking up the usage of the two words in the historical literature, this paper discusses the causes of grammaticalization from two aspects of their own semantic conditions and syntactic environment, and explores the critical point of semantic evolution. Furthermore, combining the theories of mapping and image schema, this paper discusses the mechanism of triggering this grammaticalization phenomenon from the aspects of cognitive metaphor and pragmatic inference, and the changes of the degree of subjectivization of the two words in the process of vacualization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146

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