本文選題：漢語方言否定 + 否定標記��； 參考：《華中師范大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：漢語否定的研究,多數(shù)成果集中于現(xiàn)代漢語普通話和古代漢語兩個方面,而基于方言,從“整體漢語”角度進行的系統(tǒng)研究較為缺乏。不進行系統(tǒng)的比較研究,很難發(fā)現(xiàn)方言與普通話呈現(xiàn)的整體共性,以及跨方言之間、方言與普通話之間的共性與差異。本文試圖站在“整體漢語”的角度,結合現(xiàn)有語料,選取否定中一些有代表性的問題,圍繞這些問題對否定進行專題研究。全文共八章,各部分的主要內容如下： (一)引論。指出了本文研究的理論背景,對否定的研究成果進行了較為全面的梳理和評述,并說明了本文所使用的研究方法、研究思路以及語料來源。 (二)否定概說。首先指明否定的涵義以及語法學界對否定的普遍界定,規(guī)定了本文所要涉及的否定內容。然后對否定的類型、肯定與否定的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系、肯定與否定的不對稱、否定的跨級性等問題進行了綜合論述。 (三)否定形式。這一章選取現(xiàn)代漢語普通話中最常用的三個否定標記詞“不”、“沒”、“別”為研究對象,關注的問題主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：“不”、“沒”、“別”類詞在方言中的基本類型和地域分布；方言中“不”、“沒”、“別”類詞區(qū)別于普通話的特殊用法；方言否定動詞“沒”與否定副詞“沒”的對應關系；方言否定形式的多樣性(多對一：多種形式對應一種否定意義)和多義性(一對多：一種形式表達多種否定意義)；方言否定嘆詞的使用情況。 (四)否定與疑問。把否定與疑問相聯(lián)系,首先論述了是非問、特指問等疑問類型同否定的相通性,否定是反復問構成的重要手段,反復問與否定關系密切,本章重點關注反復問句,討論的問題主要有：以否定詞煞尾的反復問的地域分布；反復問句末否定詞的虛實及其與是非問的關系。本章還順帶總結了各種反復問(尤其是帶有否定形式的)類型的地域分布、用法特點等問題。 (五)否定的指向。首先介紹了否定的指向、右項原則等基本概念,重點討論否定的指向性問題,結合大量方言材料說明,否定不僅可以是對否定標記右側成分的否定,也可以指向否定標記左側的成分。 (六)能性和比較結構的否定形式序列。我們以句子的謂詞為中心,根據(jù)否定形式“不”、“沒”與謂詞的位置關系,把含有“不”、“沒”的能性結構劃分為兩種類型的結構序列,分別是謂前能性否定結構序列與謂后能性否定結構序列。主要討論的問題包括有：1、單個動詞“V”的能性否定結構序列。2、動賓“V+0”的能性否定結構序列。3、動補“V+C”的能性否定結構序列。4、動賓補“V+C+O”的能性否定結構序列。5、述補結構中“不”、“沒”的位置比較。本章還討論了比較結構的否定形式序列。 (七)否定詞的歷時考察。本章我們綜合歸納了“不”、“沒”、“別”、“非”類否定詞的歷時演變情況,從“古——方”考辨的角度,考察了其在方言與古代漢語中的對應性關系,并研究了古代漢語否定副詞的形義分配問題。 (八)結語。總結全文,指出本文的基本認識,取得的主要成績與不足之處,并提出了今后值得繼續(xù)探討的課題。
[Abstract]:In the study of Chinese negation, most of the results are concentrated in two aspects of modern Chinese and ancient Chinese, while the systematic research on the "whole Chinese" is relatively lack based on dialects. It is difficult to find the general commonness between dialect and Putonghua without systematic comparative study. In this paper, we try to choose some representative questions in the negative of "the whole Chinese" from the point of view of the present corpus, and make a special study on the negation. The full text is eight chapters, the main contents of each part are as follows:
(1) introduction. It points out the theoretical background of this study, reviews and reviews the negative research results in a more comprehensive way, and explains the research methods used in this paper, the research ideas and the source of the corpus.
(two) the negation of the generality. First, the meaning of negation and the general definition of negation by the grammatical circle, and the negative content that the article is to be defined, and then a comprehensive exposition of the types of negation, the difference and connection between affirmative and negative, the asymmetry of affirmative and negative, and the cross level of negation.
(three) negative form. This chapter selects the three most commonly used negative markers in modern Chinese Mandarin, "no", "no" and "farewell" as the research object. The main concerns are in the following aspects: "no", "no", "no" and "farewell" in the dialect of the basic type and regional distribution; "no" in dialects "no", "no", "" Different words are different from the special usage of Putonghua; dialect negates the corresponding relationship between the "no" verb "no" and the negative adverb "no"; the diversity of the dialectal negation forms (multi to one: multiple forms corresponding to a negative meaning) and the polysemy (one to many: one form expresses a variety of non definite meanings); the use of the negative interjection in dialect.
(four) negative and interrogative. First, to relate the negation to the question, first to discuss the non question, especially the interconnection between the question types and the negation, the negative is the important means of the repeated questions, and the relationship is close to the negation. This chapter focuses on the repeated questions, the main problems in the discussion are the regional distribution of the repeated questions with the negative words; This chapter also summarizes the regional distribution, usage characteristics and other problems of repeated questions (especially with negative forms).
(five) the point of negation. First, it introduces the basic concepts of the direction of negation, the principle of the right item and so on. It focuses on the point of denial, and combines a large number of dialectal materials to explain that negation can not only be the negation of the right side of the negative mark, but also to the component on the left side of the negative mark.
(six) the negative form sequence of energy and comparative structure. We focus on the predicates of the sentence, according to the negative form "no", "no" and the position of the predicate, and divide the energy structure containing "no" and "no" into two types of structural sequences, which are the sequence of predicate negative structural sequence and predicate negative structural sequence respectively. The main topics discussed include: 1, the energetic negative structural sequence.2 of the single verb "V", the energetic negation sequence.3 of the verb object "V+0", the energy negative structural sequence.4 of the verb complement "V+C", the energy negative structural sequence.5 of the verb object complement "V+C+O", the position comparison of "no" and "no" in the verb complement structure. The comparison is also discussed in this chapter. A sequence of negative forms of a structure.
(seven) the diachronic investigation of the negative words. In this chapter, we summarize the diachronic evolution of "no", "no", "farewell" and "non" negative words. From the perspective of "ancient - Fang", we examine their correspondence in dialects and ancient Chinese, and study the distribution of the negative adverbs in ancient Chinese.
(eight) concluding remarks. Summarize the full text, point out the basic understanding, main achievements and shortcomings of this article, and put forward some topics worthy of further discussion in the future.

【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H17

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本文編號：1891181