本文選題：九方言 + 單韻母��； 參考：《南京師范大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文運用聲學實驗的方法研究太原、西安、績溪、溫州、長沙、南昌、梅縣、廣州、福州單韻母和鼻韻母,借助Praat軟件提取韻母的共振峰數(shù)據(jù)和時長數(shù)據(jù)進行分項研究,作韻母模式圖與時長柱狀圖。 用元音分化指數(shù)和元音穩(wěn)定指數(shù)對單韻母作以下音質(zhì)分析：(1)單元音音質(zhì)的同或異；(2)同質(zhì)元音的穩(wěn)定度。九方言單韻母音質(zhì)分析結(jié)論如下：(1)單韻母音質(zhì)可分為穩(wěn)定型、準穩(wěn)定型、不穩(wěn)定型、準分化型、分化型。(2)西安韻母o已分化為異質(zhì)的復合元音,九方言其余單韻母都屬同質(zhì)元音。(3)在準穩(wěn)定型和準分化型的單韻母中,多數(shù)是F1離散度較大,處于不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)或處于分化中狀態(tài)。 單韻母時長最長的基本集中于舌位較高的韻母i、y、η、u。太原、西安、績溪、溫州、長沙、南昌、福州的單韻母時長變化與舌位高低沒有顯著關系,廣州、梅縣單韻母時長與舌位高低大體成正比。 鼻韻母共振峰模式圖直觀展示了韻母的動態(tài)變化。比較單鼻化韻母和相應的非鼻化單韻母、帶韻頭鼻化韻母與相應的單鼻化韻母,得到以下結(jié)論：(1)績溪韻母o舌位降低并前移,F1不穩(wěn)定、F2已分化,o處于分化過程中。鼻化使長沙方言相對低而前的韻母([(?)])舌位降低并后移,使相對高而后的韻母([o])舌位升高并前移。(2)韻頭對韻腹有順同化影響。韻頭i、u、y對韻腹F1的影響因各韻母韻腹(如鼻化元音(?)、e、o)舌位的高低不同而不同；對各韻腹F2的影響較一致：韻頭i、y使韻腹的舌位前移、u使韻腹舌位后移。 比較鼻韻母韻腹與用相同元音的單韻母,探討韻腹與韻尾之間的關系并歸納九方言鼻韻尾m、n、D的F1、F2頻率范圍區(qū)別值。主要結(jié)論有：(1)鼻尾對其前面的元音有逆同化作用。鼻尾對不同的元音產(chǎn)生不同的影響,不同的鼻尾對元音也有不同的影響。η尾除績溪外各方言都有,它對韻腹的影響主要有：使元音舌位降低并前移、降低并后移、升高并前移、前移、后移。n尾出現(xiàn)在長沙、南昌、梅縣、廣州方言中,它對韻腹的影響主要有：使元音舌位降低并前移、降低并后移、升高并前移、升高并后移、前移、后移。m尾只出現(xiàn)在梅縣和廣州方言中,它對韻腹的影響主要有：使元音舌位降低并前移、降低并后移、升高并后移。(2)九方言鼻尾m、n、η的F1、F2頻率范圍：m尾F1、F2基本在200-300Hz、1000-1200Hz,n尾F1、F2基本在300-400Hz、1300-1500Hz,η尾F1、F2基本在300-400Hz、1000-1300Hz。300Hz是m與n、η的F1頻率區(qū)別值,1300Hz是n與m、η的F2頻率區(qū)別值。(3)福州韻母*εiη、auη的韻尾受前面元音i、u的影響較大。兩韻母的鼻尾時長都只有60多ms,非常短促,共振峰和時長數(shù)據(jù)顯示兩韻母的鼻尾正在消失,鼻尾的鼻音屬性移至元音,使之逐漸成為鼻音化元音。 韻腹是韻母結(jié)構(gòu)中最響亮、也是最重要的元音,但九方言韻母時長數(shù)據(jù)顯示,韻腹時長與其結(jié)構(gòu)地位并不完全呈正比,各韻母結(jié)構(gòu)成分的時長比例各有參差。韻腹時長有長、中、短三類,韻頭、韻腹也有這三類。由此可知,時長比是韻母構(gòu)造的另一語音手段,[音質(zhì)+時長]構(gòu)成韻母,本文稱作韻母時長音質(zhì)模型。九方言音質(zhì)模型如下： (1)鼻化韻母：短/元(音)-長/鼻(化元音)、中/元-中/鼻； (2)VN韻母：長/元(音)-短/鼻(輔音)、短/元-長/鼻、中/元-中/鼻, (3)VVN韻母：短/元(音)-長/元-短/鼻(輔音)、中/元-長/元-中/鼻、長/元-短/元-短/鼻、短/元-短/元-長/鼻、中/元-中/元-短/鼻、中/元-中/元-長/鼻、中/元-短/元-中/鼻、中/元-中/元-中/鼻。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the acoustic experiment method is used to study Taiyuan, Xi'an, Jixi, Wenzhou, Changsha, Nanchang, Meixian, Guangzhou, Fuzhou single vowel and nasal vowel, using Praat software to extract the resonant peak data of the vowel and the time length data, and make the vowel pattern and the long columnar pattern.
Using vowel differentiation index and vowel stability index to make the following sound analysis of single vowel: (1) the same or different unit sound quality; (2) homogeneity vowel stability. Nine dialect single vowel sound analysis conclusions are as follows: (1) the single vowel sound can be divided into stable, quasi stable, unstable, quasi differentiation, differentiation. (2) the vowel o of Xi'an has been differentiated into Heterogenous vowels, the remaining single vowels of nine dialects belong to homogenous vowels. (3) in the quasi stable and quasi differentiated mono vowels, most of them are F1 discrete, in an unstable state or in a state of differentiation.
The longest length of the single vowel is mainly concentrated on the high lingual I, y, ETA, U. Taiyuan, Xi'an, Jixi, Wenzhou, Changsha, Nanchang, Fuzhou, and there is no significant relationship between the length of the single vowel and the height of the tongue, and the length of the single rhyme of Meixian is directly proportional to the height of the tongue.
The resonance peak pattern map of the nasal vowel intuitively shows the dynamic changes of the vowel. Compared with the monononnosed vowels and corresponding non nasal consonants, the rhyme nose vowels and the corresponding mononasal vowels are compared. (1) the tongue position of Jixi vowel o is reduced and forward, F1 is unstable, F2 has been differentiated, and O is in the process of differentiation, and the nasal dialects relative to the dialect of the vowel are relative to the dialect. Lower and anterior vowels ([(?])) the tongue position decreased and moved back to the higher and later vowel ([o]) tongue position to rise and move forward. (2) the rhyme had an assimilation effect on the rhyme. The effect of rhyme I, u, and Y on the lingual F1 was different from the height of the lingual vowel (such as nasal vowel (?), e, O); the influence on each rhyme F2 was more consistent: rhyme I, y made the rhyme. The position of the tongue moves forward, and u changes the position of the lingual tongue.
Comparing the rhyme of the nasal vowel with the single vowel with the same vowel, the relationship between the rhyme and the rhyme is discussed and the difference values of the nine dialects m, N, D F1 and F2 frequency range are summed up. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the nose tail has the inverse assimilation effect on the vowel in front of it. The nose tail has different effects on different vowels, and the different nasal tails have different vowels to different vowels. The influence of the ETA, except for all dialects in Jixi, has the main influence on the rhythm of the rhyme: it reduces and moves forward, reduces and moves forward, rises and moves forward, moves forward, and moves forward.N in Changsha, Nanchang, Meixian and Guangzhou dialect, which mainly affects the vowel tongue position to decrease and move forward, reduce and move back, and move forward, The rise and post shift, forward shift, and post shift.M tail only appear in Meixian and Guangzhou dialect, its effect on the rhythm of the rhyme is mainly: making the vowel tongue position decreasing and moving forward, reducing and moving back, increasing and moving back. (2) the nine dialect nose tail m, n, F1, F2 frequency range: m tail F1, F2 basically in 200-300Hz, 1000-1200Hz, n tail F1. F1, F2 is basically in 300-400Hz, 1000-1300Hz.300Hz is the F1 frequency difference between M and N, the 1300Hz is the difference value between N and m, and the F2 frequency of the 1000-1300Hz.300Hz. (3) the vowel of the Fuzhou vowel is influenced by the front vowel. The end of the nose is only more than 60, very short, the resonance peak and the time length data show that the nose tail of two vowels is disappearing. Nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose is disappearing, nose The nasal attributes of the tail move to vowels, making them gradually become a nasal vowel.
The rhyme is the loudest and most important vowel in the structure of the vowel, but the length of the nine dialect rhyme shows that the length of the rhyme is not exactly proportional to its structural status, and the length of the structure of the vowels is different. The length of the rhyme is long, medium, short, three, rhyme, and rhyme, as well as the three types. Another way of speech is "tone quality + duration" to form vowels. This is called the vowel duration sound quality model. Nine the dialect sound quality model is as follows:
(1) nascent vowels: short / yuan (voice) - long / nasal (Hua Yuanyin), medium / yuan - middle / nasal;
(2) VN Finals: long / yuan (voice) - short / nasal (consonant), short / yuan - long / nose, medium / yuan - middle / nose.
(3) VVN vowel: short / yuan (sound) - long / yuan short / nose (consonant), medium / meta long / meta / nose, long / yuan short / yuan short / nose, short / meta short / yuan / nose, medium / meta / meta short / nose, medium / meta / Yuan Long / nose, medium / meta / yuan / medium / nose, medium / meta / medium / meta / nose.

【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H17

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前7條

1 周賽紅;;湘方言齊齒呼韻母考察[J];南華大學學報(社會科學版);2006年05期

2 周賽紅;;湘方言合口呼韻母考察[J];南華大學學報(社會科學版);2007年04期

3 貝先明;石鋒;;方言的接觸影響在元音格局中的表現(xiàn)——以長沙、萍鄉(xiāng)、瀏陽方言為例[J];南開語言學刊;2008年01期

4 劉芳;;也談üan韻母主要元音的音值及其他[J];宜昌師專學報;1995年04期

5 林霄,張慶翔;關于建立前后鼻音的聲學判別標準的討論[J];上海師范大學學報(哲學社會科學版);1999年03期

6 吳宗濟;普通話元音和輔音的頻譜分析及共振\锏牟饉鉡J];聲學學報;1964年01期

7 徐煥章;普通話元音的平均聲譜[J];聲學學報;1965年01期

相關會議論文 前1條

1 孫銳欣;;普通話鼻音韻尾的實驗分析與矯正訓練[A];第三屆全國語言文字應用學術研討會論文集[C];2004年

，

本文編號：1874288