本文選題：清末民初 + 北京話��； 參考：《北京大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)普通話中存在“知道不知道”這一‘'AB-NEG-AB"的反復(fù)問(wèn)句格式,同時(shí)也存在“知不知道”這一‘'A-NEG-AB"的反復(fù)問(wèn)句格式。但是年齡略大一些的老北京人卻對(duì)于“知不知道”這—"A-NEG-AB"的反復(fù)問(wèn)句格式接受度比較低,雖然可以理解但自己并不會(huì)這么說(shuō)。相比較而言,“知道不知”這一“AB-NEG-A"的反復(fù)問(wèn)句格式在老北京人中接受度更高,更加普遍。這是由于當(dāng)代北京話受到普通話的影響,與清末民初時(shí)期的北京話已有很多不同,清末民初北京話中存在的不少現(xiàn)象在當(dāng)代北京話中已經(jīng)消失,那么在清末民初時(shí)期的北京話系統(tǒng)中,是否存在‘'A-NEG-AB'’這種反復(fù)問(wèn)句的格式呢?如果不存在,鑒于北京話是普通話的重要基礎(chǔ),而‘'A-NEG-AB'’這種反復(fù)問(wèn)句的格式不是通過(guò)北京話進(jìn)入的普通話系統(tǒng),那么它究竟是何時(shí),受到什么影響而進(jìn)入現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)普通話的呢?現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)普通話受到這種影響,是否還發(fā)生了其他變化,與清末民初時(shí)期的北京官話相比還有沒(méi)有其它不同之處? 本文擬選用《兒女英雄傳》,《語(yǔ)言自邇集》,《官話指南》,《燕京婦語(yǔ)》,《小額[注釋本]》,《春阿氏》,《北京話語(yǔ)音讀本》,《北京風(fēng)俗問(wèn)答》八份清末民初不同時(shí)期的北京話材料對(duì)那一階段的北京話疑問(wèn)句系統(tǒng),特別是選擇問(wèn)句及其中的特殊形式,反復(fù)問(wèn)句系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,以了解當(dāng)時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句情況概況及選擇問(wèn)句,特別是反復(fù)問(wèn)句的特點(diǎn)。 然后結(jié)合老舍不同時(shí)期的三部長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《老張的哲學(xué)》,《駱駝祥子》和《正紅旗下》,尋找疑問(wèn)句,特別是選擇問(wèn)句及反復(fù)問(wèn)句的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和演變情況。 關(guān)注點(diǎn)包括選擇問(wèn)句中的不同形式；選擇問(wèn)句中“A還是B”格式與“是A是B”格式的出現(xiàn)及分布情況；反復(fù)問(wèn)句中的不同形式；反復(fù)問(wèn)句中前省的"A-NEG-AB"格式與后省的"AB-NEG-A"格式的出現(xiàn)與分布情況；語(yǔ)氣詞與不同格式選擇問(wèn)句及反復(fù)問(wèn)句的搭配情況；不同的選擇問(wèn)句及反復(fù)問(wèn)句格式在當(dāng)時(shí)的北京話疑問(wèn)句中是否存在,存在的話所占比例多少,是否普遍；在語(yǔ)料跨度時(shí)期內(nèi)不同類型的疑問(wèn)句,包括選擇問(wèn)句和反復(fù)問(wèn)句所占比例是否有變化,有的話呈現(xiàn)出怎樣的變化態(tài)勢(shì)；在語(yǔ)料跨度時(shí)期內(nèi)不同類型選擇問(wèn)句和反復(fù)問(wèn)句所占比例是否有變化,有的話呈現(xiàn)出怎樣的變化態(tài)勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese mandarin, there exists the format of "know or not know" and "know or not". At the same time, there is also the format of repeated question of "know or not". But older Beijingers are less receptive to "know or not"-"A-NEG-AB"-and understandably don't say so. By contrast, the AB-NEG-A format of repeated questions is more widely accepted and common among the old Beijingers. This is because the contemporary Beijing dialect is influenced by Putonghua, which is quite different from the Beijing dialect in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Many phenomena existing in the Beijing dialect in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China have disappeared in the contemporary Beijing dialect. So in the Beijing dialect system of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, is there a format of repeated questions such as "A" -NEG-ABG'? If it does not exist, given that Beijing dialect is an important foundation of Putonghua, and that the format of repeated questions is not a putonghua system entered through Beijing dialect, then when exactly is it? What influence does it have on entering modern Chinese mandarin? Modern Chinese mandarin is affected by this, has there been other changes, compared with the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the period of Beijing Mandarin is there any other difference? This article intends to choose "Children heroic Biography", "language from you", "Guanyu Guide", < Yanjing Women's language >, < small [annotated] >, < Chun A's >, < Beijing dialect Pronunciation >, "Beijing Custom Q & A" eight materials of Beijing dialect at different periods in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. Regarding the Beijing dialect interrogative sentence system at that stage, In order to understand the general situation of interrogative sentences at that time and the characteristics of the selected questions, especially the special forms of the questions and their special forms, the system of repeated questions can be analyzed statistically in order to understand the general situation of the interrogative sentences at that time and the characteristics of the repeated questions. Then combined with three novels of different periods by Lao She, "philosophy of Lao Zhang", "Xiangzi of Hump Locke" and "under the Red Flag", the author tries to find out the development trend and evolution of interrogative sentences, especially the selective questions and repeated questions. The focus includes choosing different forms of questions, choosing the appearance and distribution of "A or B" format and "A is B" format in questions, and different forms in repeated questions. The appearance and distribution of the "A-NEG-AB" format and the "AB-NEG-A" format in the repeated questions, the collocation of the modal words with the selected questions in different formats and the repeated questions; Whether different forms of selective questions and repeated questions exist in the question sentences of Beijing dialect at that time, what percentage of them are present, whether they are common, and whether different types of interrogative sentences are used in the period of corpus span. Including whether the proportion of selected questions and repeated questions has changed, and if there are any changes in the situation, whether the proportion of different types of selected questions and repeated questions has changed in the period of corpus span. Some words show how to change the situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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