本文選題：形賓結(jié)構(gòu) + 輕動(dòng)詞　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象一直是一個(gè)學(xué)界沒(méi)有定論的問(wèn)題。是古漢語(yǔ)用法的殘留,還是個(gè)別形容詞的特例；是形容詞活用為動(dòng)詞,還是形容詞兼類(lèi)為動(dòng)詞?……由此引起的問(wèn)題不僅涉及到帶賓形容詞的詞類(lèi)句法定性,而且涉及到形容詞、動(dòng)詞兩大重要實(shí)詞的搭配關(guān)系和功能屬性判斷。 本文在前輩學(xué)者和時(shí)賢所作研究的基礎(chǔ)上,嘗試運(yùn)用形式句法理論和語(yǔ)料庫(kù)語(yǔ)言學(xué)方法,以《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》所列詞條為基礎(chǔ),通過(guò)詞典分析、內(nèi)省模擬、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和語(yǔ)料庫(kù)查證等“靜態(tài)與動(dòng)態(tài)”相結(jié)合、“功能——心理——句法”相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行較充分的描寫(xiě)、梳理、分析和考查,并嘗試用形式語(yǔ)言學(xué)的輕動(dòng)詞理論對(duì)古今漢語(yǔ)的形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象給出一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的解釋。 全文共分八章。 第一章,緒論。提出形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象及與該現(xiàn)象相關(guān)的需要探究的問(wèn)題,并指出對(duì)該現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行定量定性分析和句法語(yǔ)義解釋這一目標(biāo)和該研究對(duì)于漢語(yǔ)句法體系的重要性和對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)的意義。研究?jī)?nèi)容包括：在系統(tǒng)梳理前人研究基礎(chǔ)上,靜態(tài)分析詞典中的形容詞,內(nèi)省其帶賓語(yǔ)的可能性,通過(guò)問(wèn)卷分析和語(yǔ)料庫(kù)查證,以期對(duì)該現(xiàn)象做到充分描寫(xiě),并擬用形式語(yǔ)言學(xué)的理論對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋,最后探究影響形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象的內(nèi)外因素。研究重點(diǎn)包括靜態(tài)考察、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、語(yǔ)料庫(kù)查證和句法解釋。研究難點(diǎn)是問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和語(yǔ)料庫(kù)建設(shè)、加工和句法解釋。研究方法有動(dòng)靜態(tài)結(jié)合、歷時(shí)共時(shí)結(jié)合、描寫(xiě)與解釋結(jié)合、定量與定性分析相結(jié)合。 第二章,以往研究綜述。主要對(duì)前人研究進(jìn)行了梳理、總結(jié)。從形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)后該詞的詞類(lèi)歸屬角度闡述了諸家學(xué)說(shuō),并對(duì)形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)的各種分類(lèi)類(lèi)型和形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)所進(jìn)行的量的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析及解釋進(jìn)行了梳理。指出前人貢獻(xiàn)、不足及研究的方向。 第三章,形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象的靜態(tài)探究。從詞典中逐一找出了各類(lèi)形容詞,考察其屬性,再對(duì)各類(lèi)形容詞能否帶賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行內(nèi)省分析。首先設(shè)定內(nèi)省方法和所考察的語(yǔ)義類(lèi)型,然后考察單音節(jié)形容詞和雙(多)音節(jié)形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)的情況,內(nèi)省考察發(fā)現(xiàn)單音節(jié)形容詞、一般雙音節(jié)形容詞性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)詞和口語(yǔ)形容詞、書(shū)面語(yǔ)形容詞都有部分能夠帶賓語(yǔ)獲得使動(dòng)義,只有屬性詞較難進(jìn)入形賓結(jié)構(gòu)獲得使動(dòng)義。同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些能夠帶賓語(yǔ)表達(dá)使動(dòng)義的形容詞都具有使成性,形容詞的這一內(nèi)在屬性使其具有帶賓語(yǔ)表示使動(dòng)義的潛在可能性。 第四章,形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)可接受度調(diào)查�；趦�(nèi)省的初步結(jié)果,針對(duì)性質(zhì)形容詞、狀態(tài)形容詞、屬性形容詞和口語(yǔ)形容詞、書(shū)面語(yǔ)形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)可接受度進(jìn)行了問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),各類(lèi)形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)可接受度存在一定差異�？梢酝茰y(cè),形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)可接受度與形容詞本身的結(jié)構(gòu)、形容詞所屬小類(lèi)有一定關(guān)系。但由于問(wèn)題本身的復(fù)雜性和各種條件等限制,該分析只能給出一個(gè)大致的參考,需要更多更詳細(xì)的考察才可以得出明確的結(jié)論。 第五章,語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中形賓短語(yǔ)的定量分析。介紹了自建3680萬(wàn)字符語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的選材情況以及抽樣1000萬(wàn)字符進(jìn)行分詞、標(biāo)注詞性和校對(duì)后的詞頻統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果。從語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中可知,單音性質(zhì)形容詞比雙音性質(zhì)形容詞在語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中表現(xiàn)更活躍,使用頻率更高。狀態(tài)形容詞的活躍程度只有性質(zhì)形容詞活躍程度的三分之一。單音節(jié)形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象比雙音節(jié)形容詞普遍。狀態(tài)形容詞偶見(jiàn)帶賓語(yǔ)用例,這對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)上人們心中認(rèn)定的狀態(tài)形容詞不能帶賓語(yǔ)提出了質(zhì)疑。語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中未發(fā)現(xiàn)屬性形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)的用例。 第六章,形賓短語(yǔ)的句法解釋。首先介紹了輕動(dòng)詞理論的基本框架,提出了形容詞謂語(yǔ)句中存在輕動(dòng)詞“是”(BE/BECOME)的假設(shè)。當(dāng)形容詞在句子中表示狀態(tài)時(shí),輕動(dòng)詞為“是”(BE),當(dāng)形容詞在句子中表示變化時(shí),輕動(dòng)詞為“是”(BECOME)。這一假設(shè)把各語(yǔ)言是否允許形容詞直接作謂語(yǔ)歸結(jié)為形容詞與顯性輕動(dòng)詞還是隱性輕動(dòng)詞“是”(BE/BECOME)相結(jié)合的差異。 以此為基礎(chǔ),本文用輕動(dòng)詞理論對(duì)出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中的表示各種語(yǔ)義的形賓短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行了分析解釋。相應(yīng)地,對(duì)于古漢語(yǔ)中形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象也進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的解釋�？梢园l(fā)現(xiàn),各類(lèi)形賓短語(yǔ)中除了輕動(dòng)詞“是”(BE/BECOME)外,都蘊(yùn)含著至少一個(gè)隱性輕動(dòng)詞,這些輕動(dòng)詞分別是：表使動(dòng)義輕動(dòng)詞“使”(CAUSE)、表意動(dòng)義“以”(CONSIDER)、表對(duì)動(dòng)義輕動(dòng)詞“對(duì)”(TREAT)、表原因義輕動(dòng)詞“因”(FOR)、表比較義輕動(dòng)詞“比”(THAN)、表存現(xiàn)義的輕動(dòng)詞“有”(EXIST)等。這些輕動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有語(yǔ)音形式,但有強(qiáng)形式特征,吸引下層的核心詞上移與其合并,形成表層句式上的形賓結(jié)構(gòu)。同時(shí),該理論同樣對(duì)古漢語(yǔ)的形賓現(xiàn)象做出了統(tǒng)一解釋,漢語(yǔ)從古漢語(yǔ)發(fā)展、演變到今天,雖有詞匯、結(jié)構(gòu)等變化,但在形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)這一問(wèn)題上,沒(méi)有太大本質(zhì)區(qū)別。 第七章,形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)的內(nèi)外因分析。首先探究了影響形賓結(jié)構(gòu)可接受度的內(nèi)在因素。第一是形容詞的摹狀性。漢語(yǔ)詞匯從古漢語(yǔ)以單音節(jié)詞為主發(fā)展到如今的以雙音節(jié)為主。在這一雙音化過(guò)程中,相比于單音節(jié)形容詞,雙音形容詞的摹狀性增加,所以帶賓語(yǔ)可接受度就差,如屬性詞、狀態(tài)形容詞。而使用頻率是形容詞摹狀性磨損的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素。使用頻率高的形容詞,因?yàn)槟钚阅p厲害,逐漸向性質(zhì)形容詞漂移,所以,帶賓語(yǔ)后可接受度就高。這也解釋了為什么語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)少量的狀態(tài)詞、甚至多音節(jié)詞出現(xiàn)帶賓語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象,因?yàn)檫@些狀態(tài)詞大多是常用詞。影響形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)可接受度的第二個(gè)因素是韻律。現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)的基本音步是雙音節(jié)組成的,所以,多音節(jié)形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)不如雙音節(jié)形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)可接受度高。這也解釋了語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中只有一個(gè)多音節(jié)詞帶賓語(yǔ),其他帶賓形容詞都是單音節(jié)或雙音節(jié)形容詞這一現(xiàn)象。 接著,筆者對(duì)于形賓結(jié)構(gòu)未能大規(guī)模使用的外部原因進(jìn)行了探究,現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中,動(dòng)結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)的出現(xiàn)、動(dòng)補(bǔ)式復(fù)合詞的產(chǎn)生、“化”尾動(dòng)詞的產(chǎn)生、句式結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜化和大量介詞的出現(xiàn)、對(duì)于表達(dá)精細(xì)化的要求,使人們更傾向于使用顯性輕動(dòng)詞即“使、令、讓”等及表示各種語(yǔ)義關(guān)系的介詞而不是隱性輕動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)各種語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。 然后,對(duì)于形名結(jié)構(gòu)分析為謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的條件進(jìn)行了探究,發(fā)現(xiàn)形名結(jié)構(gòu)要分析為謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)需要借助其后面的名詞性成分、動(dòng)態(tài)助詞、趨向動(dòng)詞、自身的重疊形式、對(duì)稱(chēng)結(jié)構(gòu)、否定詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的同現(xiàn)或其他句子或超句子成分等為其進(jìn)入該位置分析為謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)提高可接受度。究其原因,是因?yàn)樾稳菰~表示性質(zhì)、作述謂成分是有標(biāo)記組配。 同時(shí),筆者也探討了在形賓現(xiàn)象上漢英語(yǔ)言之間的差異。在句法層面,漢語(yǔ)有隱性輕動(dòng)詞的存在,可以觸發(fā)作為核心詞的形容詞向輕動(dòng)詞移位,形成形賓現(xiàn)象；而在英語(yǔ)中,句法層面沒(méi)有隱性輕動(dòng)詞的存在,只有顯性輕動(dòng)詞,所以,不觸發(fā)移位,也就沒(méi)有形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象。 最后,對(duì)于在形賓結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞的詞性界定,指出本文的觀點(diǎn),即主張“區(qū)別對(duì)待”說(shuō)。 第八章,余論。指出了主要貢獻(xiàn)和不足之處,并對(duì)后期研究提出了展望。 本文創(chuàng)新之處： 第一,本文綜合運(yùn)用了詞典描寫(xiě)、內(nèi)省模擬、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、語(yǔ)料庫(kù)查證、句法解釋等方法,使靜態(tài)與動(dòng)態(tài)研究相結(jié)合,從功能、形式與心理多角度、多側(cè)面地研究了形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象,在方法上有一定的創(chuàng)新性。 第二,在形式語(yǔ)言學(xué)框架下,將輕動(dòng)詞理論應(yīng)用于解釋古代漢語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中都存在的形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)現(xiàn)象,在理論上具有一定的創(chuàng)新性。 第三,自建了3600萬(wàn)字符的獲獎(jiǎng)文學(xué)作品語(yǔ)料庫(kù),抽樣1000萬(wàn)字符做了分詞、標(biāo)注詞性和初步校對(duì),將詞頻統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果用于本課題的定量研究,在堅(jiān)持實(shí)證主義研究范式方面有一定創(chuàng)新性。 研究不足之處： 第一,問(wèn)卷的設(shè)計(jì)中對(duì)比項(xiàng)的選取和形賓搭配的選擇不夠周密。究其原因,首先因?yàn)橛绊懶钨e結(jié)構(gòu)可接受性的原因復(fù)雜；其次,也是由于設(shè)計(jì)中個(gè)人規(guī)約和預(yù)測(cè)不夠。在以后的研究中,應(yīng)盡量分析充分,將問(wèn)題拆分細(xì)化,使問(wèn)卷題目更有針對(duì)性。 第二,被試人數(shù)不足。由于時(shí)間和條件限制,被試人數(shù)無(wú)法太大,僅僅問(wèn)卷結(jié)束后的統(tǒng)計(jì)也是一個(gè)耗時(shí)費(fèi)力的工程。在后期研究中考慮采用網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)查方式,擴(kuò)大被試人數(shù)。 第三,語(yǔ)料庫(kù)加工不足。初建庫(kù)時(shí)更多地考慮到語(yǔ)料越多,可獲得的有效數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)越多,對(duì)加工校對(duì)工作量估計(jì)不足。抽樣1000萬(wàn)字的校對(duì)仍屬“初�！�,只能滿足高頻區(qū)的信度。擬在后期研究中,繼續(xù)校對(duì)完善,使之充分發(fā)揮共享資源的作用。 未來(lái)展望： 完善和優(yōu)化現(xiàn)有語(yǔ)料庫(kù),使之更好地發(fā)揮語(yǔ)言研究資源庫(kù)的功能。 擴(kuò)大語(yǔ)料范圍,從漢語(yǔ)方言分歧與古漢語(yǔ)的關(guān)系出發(fā),可以推測(cè),南方閩粵方言和港臺(tái)語(yǔ)言,多保留了古代漢語(yǔ)詞匯語(yǔ)法的用例,因此今后將形容詞帶賓語(yǔ)研究語(yǔ)料抽樣范圍擴(kuò)大到閩粵方言和港臺(tái)地區(qū),使本研究向縱深發(fā)展。另外,對(duì)于雙音化造成的功能替代研究也希望能夠深入。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of adjectives with object in modern Chinese has always been an unsettled issue in the academic world. It is the residue of the usage of ancient Chinese or a special case of individual adjectives; is it an adjective used as a verb or an adjective as a verb? The resulting problem involves not only the syntactic quality of the word class with a guest type, but also the adjective. The collocation and functional attribution of two important substantive words.
On the basis of the research of the predecessors and sages, this paper tries to use the formal syntax and corpus linguistics, which is based on the entries listed in the modern Chinese dictionary, and combines the "static and dynamic" with the dictionary analysis, the introspection simulation, the questionnaire survey and the corpus verification, and the combination of "function Psychology - syntax". The method is to describe, analyze and examine the adjectives with the object, and try to use the light verb theory of formal linguistics to give a unified explanation of the adjectives in ancient and modern Chinese with the object.
The full text is divided into eight chapters.
The first chapter, introduction, puts forward the question of the phenomenon of adjectives with object and the need to explore the phenomenon related to the phenomenon, and points out the objective of quantitative qualitative analysis and the interpretation of sentence French, and the significance of the study to the Chinese syntactic system and the significance of the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. On the basis of the static analysis of the adjectives in the dictionary, the possibility of taking the object in the dictionary is introspection, through the questionnaire analysis and the corpus examination, in order to fully describe the phenomenon, and to explain the phenomenon with the theory of formal linguistics, and finally to explore the internal and external factors affecting the adjectives with the phenomenon of the object. The research focuses on the static investigation, Questionnaire survey, corpus verification and syntactic interpretation. The difficulties are questionnaire survey and corpus construction, processing and syntactic interpretation. The research methods are combined with dynamic and static, diachronic and synchronic, combination of description and interpretation, quantitative and qualitative analysis.
The second chapter is a summary of previous research. The main research has been combed and summarized. From the angle of attribution of the word category after the adjectives take the object, the theories are expounded, and the statistical analysis and interpretation of the various types of adjectives and the amount of adjectives with objects with objects are combed. The contributions, deficiencies and research of the predecessors are pointed out. The direction of the study.
The third chapter, the static exploration of the adjective with object, finds out all kinds of adjectives from the dictionary, examines its attributes, and then analyses whether various adjectives can take the object with the object. First, the introspection method and the semantic type investigated are set, and then the case of the monosyllabic adjectives and the double (multi) syllable adjectives with the object is examined, and the introspection is introspection. The study found that monosyllabic adjectives, general double syllable adjectives, state words and oral adjectives, and written adjectives all have a part of the object that can get the meaning of the object, only the attribute words are more difficult to get into the form of the object structure to get the meaning. This intrinsic attribute gives it the potential possibility to express meaning with object.
In the fourth chapter, the acceptability of adjectives with object is investigated. Based on the preliminary results of introspection, a questionnaire survey is conducted on the acceptability of the adjectives, state adjectives, attribute adjectives and oral adjectives, and the acceptability of the adjectives in written language. It is found that there are certain differences in the acceptability of various adjectives with the object. There is a certain relationship between the acceptability of the object and the structure of adjectives and the small classes of adjectives. However, because of the complexity of the adjectives and the limitations of various conditions, the analysis can only give a general reference, and more detailed investigation is needed to draw a clear conclusion.
The fifth chapter, the quantitative analysis of the form of the object phrase in the corpus, introduces the material selection of the self built 36 million 800 thousand character corpus, and the result of the word frequency statistics after the sampling of 10 million characters and the word character and the proofreading. It is known from the corpus that the monosyllabic adjectives are more active and use more frequently than the double tone character in the corpus. The active degree of state adjectives is only 1/3 of the active degree of adjectives. Single syllable adjectives are more common than double syllable adjectives. State adjectives occasionally take object use cases, which can not be questioned by traditional adjectives. A use case with an object with a word.
The sixth chapter, the syntactic interpretation of the form object phrase. First, it introduces the basic framework of the light verb theory, and puts forward the assumption that there is a light verb "BE/BECOME" in the adjective predicate. When the adjective expresses the state in the sentence, the light verb is "is" (BE). When the adjective expresses the change in the sentence, the light verb is "yes" (BECOME). It is assumed that whether the adjectives in each language are allowed to be used directly as predicates are attributed to the difference between adjectives and the dominant light verb or the implicit light verb "BE/BECOME".
On the basis of this, this article uses the light verb theory to analyze and explain the form of the object phrase that appears in the corpus. Accordingly, a brief explanation of the phenomenon of the adjectives with the object in ancient Chinese is also briefly explained. It can be found that there are at least one of all kinds of form and object phrases, except the "BE/BECOME". These light verbs are: the light verb "CAUSE", "CONSIDER", the light verb "to" (TREAT), the light verb "FOR", the light verb "THAN", the light verb "there" (EXIST), and so on. These light verbs have no language themselves. It has a strong form of form, but it attracts the core words of the lower layer to move up and merge and form the shape and object structure of the surface sentence pattern. At the same time, the theory also makes a unified interpretation of the form and object of ancient Chinese, and the development of Chinese from ancient Chinese to today, although there are changes in vocabulary, structure and so on, but the adjective has the object with the object. Too big a difference.
The seventh chapter is the internal and external analysis of adjectives with object. First, it explores the intrinsic factors that affect the acceptability of the shape and object structure. The first is the description of adjectives. The Chinese vocabulary developed from the monosyllabic word to the present with the double syllable. In this process, the double syllable adjectives and the double adjectives are compared. The shape of object can be increased, so the acceptance is poor, such as attribute words, state adjectives. And the frequency of use is described as a key factor of the word description of wear. The use of high frequency adjectives, because the description of wear badly, gradually to the nature of the adjective drift, so with the object can be accepted the degree is high. It also explains why the corpus It is found that a small amount of state words and even polysyllabic words appear with the object, because most of these words are commonly used. The second factor that affects the acceptability of an adjective is a prosody. The basic step of modern Chinese is a double syllable, so the polysyllable adjective is not better than a double syllable adjective with an object. This is also explained by the fact that only one polysyllabic word with object in corpus is used, and other guest adjectives are monosyllabic or disyllabic adjectives.
Then, the author explores the external reasons of the failure to use the structure of the shape object. In modern Chinese, the appearance of the knot structure, the creation of the verb complement compound, the production of the "chemical" tail verb, the complexity of the sentence structure and the appearance of a large number of Prepositions, make people more inclined to use the dominant light verb for the expression of refinement. That is to say, "make, make, let" and other prepositions that express all kinds of semantic relations, instead of recessive light verbs to express all kinds of semantic relations.
Then, it explores the conditions of the form name structure analysis as the predicate object structure. It is found that the form name structure needs to be analyzed as the predicate object structure with the help of the noun element, the dynamic auxiliary word, the tendency verb, the overlapping form of its own, the symmetry structure, the negative word, the occurrence of the modal verb, the other sentence or the supersentence composition, etc. The reason is that the adjectives express the nature and the predicative components are marked combinations.
At the same time, the author also discusses the differences between the Chinese and English languages on the form of the phenomenon. At the syntactic level, the existence of the hidden light verbs in Chinese can trigger the displacement of the adjectives as the core words to the light verbs and form the form of the form of the object. In English, there is no hidden light verb in the syntactic level, only the dominant light verb, so it does not trigger. There is no adjective with an object.
Finally, for the definition of parts of speech in adjectives, we point out the view of this article, that is, "differential treatment".
The eighth chapter, the remaining theory, points out the main contributions and shortcomings, and puts forward the prospect for the later research.
The innovation of this article is:
First, this paper combines the methods of dictionary description, introspection simulation, questionnaire survey, corpus verification, and syntactic interpretation, which combines static and dynamic research, and studies adjectives with object from function, form and psychological angle.
Second, under the framework of formal linguistics, the theory of light verb is applied to the interpretation of adjectives in both ancient and modern Chinese, which has a certain innovation in theory.
Third, we built a corpus of 36 million character prize winning literary works, sampled 10 million characters to do word segmentation, tagged word character and preliminary proofreading, and applied the result of word frequency statistics to the quantitative research of this subject. It has some innovation in adhering to the positivist research paradigm.
The shortcomings of the study are:
First, the selection of contrast items in the design of the questionnaire and the choice of conformal guest collocation are not very careful. The reason is that the reasons that affect the acceptability of the structure are complicated, and the second is due to the lack of personal statute and prediction in the design. In the future research, we should try to analyze and refine the problems as much as possible, so that the questions of the questionnaire are more accurate. Sex.
Second, the number of the subjects is insufficient. Due to the time and conditions, the number of subjects can not be too large. The statistics after the end of the questionnaire are also a time-consuming and laborious project. In the later study, the network investigation method is considered to expand the number of the subjects.
Third, the processing of corpus is insufficient. The more the data are considered in the initial construction, the more effective data can be obtained, the more the amount of data can be obtained. The proofreading of the processing proofreading is not enough. The proofreading of the 1000 million words is still a "primary school", which can only satisfy the reliability of the high frequency area.
Future prospects:
We should improve and optimize the existing corpora so as to better play the functions of language research resources.
In order to expand the range of the corpus, from the relationship between the Chinese dialects and the ancient Chinese, we can speculate that the southern Fujian, Guangdong and Guangdong dialects and the language of Hong Kong and Taiwan have retained the use cases of the vocabulary grammar of the ancient Chinese. Therefore, this study will be extended to the Fujian Guangdong dialect and the Hong Kong and Taiwan areas in the future. The study of functional substitution caused by sound is also expected to go deep.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146

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