本文選題：比較句 + 科技語(yǔ)體��； 參考：《哈爾濱師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以科技語(yǔ)體為研究基礎(chǔ),以比較句為研究對(duì)象,考察“比”字句,平比句和“R于”句等三種主要的比較句式在科技語(yǔ)體中的分布及使用情況。通過(guò)考察發(fā)現(xiàn)在科技語(yǔ)體中差比句式的使用量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于平比句式,認(rèn)為差比句式在科技語(yǔ)體中的作用主要是通過(guò)突出和強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的差別,進(jìn)而顯現(xiàn)研究對(duì)象不同于別的事物的、獨(dú)有的特征,平比句式是通過(guò)“異中有同”的比較方式對(duì)研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行歸類(lèi)。通過(guò)研究認(rèn)為所謂“典型”是具有語(yǔ)體限制的,比較句中的典型差比句“比”字句在科技語(yǔ)體中的典型性有所降低,而只用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)的“R于”句在科技語(yǔ)體中的典型性非常明顯,典型的平比句式“與…一樣”句在科技語(yǔ)體中的典型性降低,而“與…一致”的平比句式在科技語(yǔ)體中的使用卻比較典型。在科技語(yǔ)體中,比較句的否定式,無(wú)論是差比句式的否定式還是平比句式的否定式,都與其相對(duì)應(yīng)的肯定式的數(shù)量比相差懸殊,我們認(rèn)為比較句的否定范疇具有量級(jí)上的多義性,使得該表達(dá)式處于被排斥的狀態(tài)。但我們還認(rèn)為這種排斥與科技研究的內(nèi)容和對(duì)象的性質(zhì)有一定的關(guān)系。本文一共5章,第1章引言,主要介紹本文研究的主要內(nèi)容和研究方法,并詳細(xì)介紹語(yǔ)料的來(lái)源和界定本文所研究的句式,以及介紹關(guān)于比較句研究成果的主要內(nèi)容。第2章,專(zhuān)門(mén)討論“比”字句在科技語(yǔ)體中的分布及使用情況,從分布來(lái)看,在不同領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)研究中,撰文者對(duì)“比”字句的使用有較明顯的選擇性差異,我們認(rèn)為這與研究對(duì)象的性質(zhì)和特征有一定的關(guān)系,宏觀抽象的對(duì)象研究對(duì)“比”字句的選擇度高,符合“比”字句具有描寫(xiě)性的特點(diǎn)。微觀具體的對(duì)象研究較少采用“比”字句,而涉及數(shù)量或量級(jí)的比較,一般選用“R于”句。從“比”字句在科技語(yǔ)體中呈現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)法功能來(lái)看,科技語(yǔ)體排斥“比”字句的疑問(wèn)式和祈使句式等形式。從“比”字句的語(yǔ)義功能來(lái)看,科技語(yǔ)體排斥表比喻和比擬義的“比”字句。從“比”字句在科技語(yǔ)體中的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)來(lái)看,承擔(dān)比較項(xiàng)的成分多為名詞性成分和動(dòng)詞性成分,較少選擇代詞性的成分,而且比較項(xiàng)的長(zhǎng)度要比文藝語(yǔ)體和口語(yǔ)體中的長(zhǎng),名詞性成分多為多重定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),符合科技語(yǔ)體對(duì)研究對(duì)象限定嚴(yán)格的要求,動(dòng)詞性成分多與數(shù)量詞搭配,符合科技語(yǔ)體對(duì)研究對(duì)象動(dòng)態(tài)特征的描寫(xiě)要求。第3章,專(zhuān)門(mén)討論平比句在科技語(yǔ)體中使用情況,指出因?yàn)閷?duì)詞匯選擇的差異,平比句具有“與…一致”、“與…一樣”、“與…相同”、“與…類(lèi)似”等多種表達(dá)方式。而典型的平比句式“與…一樣”在科技語(yǔ)體中使用量較少,書(shū)面語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)較強(qiáng)的“與…一致”等形式被選擇的情況較突出。同時(shí)研究指出這幾種形式在語(yǔ)法功能和特點(diǎn)上都不一致,各有不同的傾向表現(xiàn)。第4章專(zhuān)門(mén)討論“R于”句在科技語(yǔ)體中使用的情況,指出“R于”句是典型的語(yǔ)體句,在學(xué)術(shù)性的科技語(yǔ)體中使用最為廣泛,但在形式上和比較結(jié)果項(xiàng)的選擇上都有較大的限制,也正是由于句法和句式的單一性使得該句式適合表達(dá)數(shù)量比,所以“R于”句在科技語(yǔ)體中呈現(xiàn)出的典型句式形式是：X+R+于+Y+數(shù)量單位。第五章對(duì)這三種比較句在科技語(yǔ)體分布做了整體性的考察,研究指出差比句數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于平比句的使用數(shù)量,同時(shí)對(duì)比文藝語(yǔ)體對(duì)這幾種句式的選擇和使用,發(fā)現(xiàn)這幾種比較句在兩種語(yǔ)體中的使用情況也有較大的差異。
[Abstract]:Based on the research of scientific and technological corpus and taking comparative sentences as the research object, this paper investigates the distribution and use of three main comparative sentences in scientific and technological languages, such as "comparison", flat ratio sentence and "R Yu" sentence. The function of the language is mainly by highlighting and emphasizing the difference of things, and then showing the unique characteristics of the research object, which is different from other things. The flat comparison sentence is classified by the comparative way of "different in the same". Through the study, the so-called "typical" is a type of language restriction, the typical difference in the comparative sentence The typicality of the sentence "comparison" in the scientific and technological corpus has been reduced, and the typicality of the "R Yu" sentence, which is only used in the written language, is very typical in the scientific and technological corpus, and the typical flat ratio sentence "and... The "same" sentence is reduced in the typical style of science and technology. In the scientific corpus, the negative formula of the comparative sentence in the scientific and technological corpus, whether it is the negative of the difference sentence pattern or the negative pattern of the flat comparison, is different from the corresponding affirmative quantity, and we think that the negative category of the comparative sentence has the polysemy in the order of magnitude. The expression is in a state of exclusion, but we also believe that this exclusion has a certain relationship with the content of scientific research and the nature of the object. The 5 chapter, first chapter introduction, mainly introduces the main contents and research methods of this study, and details the source of the corpus and the definition of the sentence patterns in this article, as well as the introduction of the comparison. The second chapter mainly discusses the distribution and use of "Bi" in the scientific and technological corpus. From the distribution point of view, in the scientific research in different fields, the author has a more obvious selective difference in the use of "comparison", and we think it has a certain relationship with the nature and characteristics of the research object. The abstract object study has a high choice of "comparison" sentences, which conforms to the descriptive characteristics of the "comparison" sentences. The microscopic specific object studies rarely use "comparison", but the comparison of quantity or magnitude generally chooses the "R" sentence. From the semantic function of the "comparison" sentence, the scientific and technological corpus rejects the metaphor and the comparative meaning of the "comparison". From the structural features of the "comparative" sentence in the scientific and technological corpus, the composition of the comparative term is mostly noun and verb, and less choice of pronouns. The length of the comparison item is more than the length of literary style and colloquial body, and the noun composition is multiple attributive structure, which conforms to the strict requirements of the scientific and technological corpus to the research object, and the verb components are collocated with the quantitative words, which conforms to the description requirements of the scientific and technological corpus for the dynamic characteristics of the research objects. The third chapter is devoted to the discussion of the flat comparison sentence in the Department. In terms of the use of technical language, it is pointed out that because of the difference in vocabulary choice, the comparative sentence has "... Agreement, "and... The same "," and... The same "," and... Similar expressions and many other expressions. The same "use less" in scientific and technical writing, and "strong" in written language. In the fourth chapter, the fourth chapter specializes in the use of "R" in the scientific and technological corpus, and points out that "R Yu" is a typical type of sentence, which is the most widely used in the academic corpus. However, there is a large limit on the selection of form and comparison results, and it is due to the simpleness of syntax and sentence patterns that make the sentence fit the ratio of quantity. So the typical sentence pattern of "R" sentence in the scientific and technological corpus is X+R+ in the number of +Y+ units. The fifth chapter is about the distribution of the three comparative sentences in the scientific and technological corpus. As a whole, the study indicates that the number of difference sentences is far greater than the number of the use of the flat sentence. At the same time, comparing the selection and use of the literary style to these sentence patterns, it is found that the use of these comparative sentences in the two languages also has great differences.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H052

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本文編號(hào)：1822310