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  本文選題：“難VP” + “VP難”��； 參考：《哈爾濱師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：“難”和“VP”組合，借助語序手段形成了“VP難”和“難VP”兩種格式，二者在結(jié)構(gòu)和功能上均有差異。本文基于大量語料，在共時平面對“難VP”和“VP難”進行比較研究，重在描寫二者差異并對產(chǎn)生差異的原因作出合理解釋。通過考察認識到“難”具有情態(tài)義，因此，本文的研究，將情態(tài)研究和語序研究相結(jié)合，，在觀察視角、功能分析等方面做出新探索，希望能夠?qū)ΜF(xiàn)有的漢語情態(tài)研究成果作出有意義的補充。 第一章緒論部分有四方面內(nèi)容：介紹選題緣起、明確研究對象；總結(jié)相關(guān)研究現(xiàn)狀；說明研究目的和方法；說明語料來源。 第二章考察“難VP”和“VP難”的結(jié)構(gòu)：分析了謂詞性結(jié)構(gòu)之前和謂詞性結(jié)構(gòu)之后的“難”在語法性質(zhì)和語法意義上的不同；將VP分成小類對“難VP”和“VP難”兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中所容納的VP進行描寫，揭示出“難VP”和“VP難”中VP的差異，由于“難VP”和“VP難”中的VP并非截然對立，因此，綜合VP在結(jié)構(gòu)和意義上的特征，依據(jù)動作性由強到弱建立VP的連續(xù)統(tǒng)，連續(xù)統(tǒng)左端的動詞陳述義強、意義具體，是構(gòu)成“難VP”的典型動詞，連續(xù)統(tǒng)右端的動詞指稱義強、意義抽象，是構(gòu)成“VP難”的典型動詞；論述“難VP”和“VP難”的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。 第三章考察“難VP”和“VP難”的功能：先是分別說明了“難VP”和“VP難”在句法功能上的差異，接下來從自指、轉(zhuǎn)指和表達的情態(tài)意義兩方面分析“難VP”和“VP難”在語義、語用功能上的差異。在分析過程中，注意到有一部分“VP難”從句法功能來看，有從謂詞性向體詞性游移的趨勢，從語義表達上來看，用以指稱某種不應(yīng)出現(xiàn)的困境，這部分“VP難”逐漸固化，因此，本章最后對這類形成于20世紀80年代、被主流媒體高頻使用并“普及”開來的“VP難”作出進一步分析，揭示選擇這類“VP難”的語用動機。 第四章對全文的研究作出補充。在對“難VP”和“VP難”比較研究的過程中，我們感到還有一些問題需要進一步說清楚：“很難”在作謂語時，“很”已經(jīng)語法化了；“很”和“很難”在使用中存在語體上的差異；“難VP”句存在受事作主語和施事作主語兩種情況，兩種情況下的情狀類型不同；“VP難”的固化過程充分體現(xiàn)了構(gòu)式與成分的互動。 結(jié)論部分概括性地總結(jié)了“難VP”和“VP難”在結(jié)構(gòu)、語義、語用功能上的差異及產(chǎn)生差異的原因。
[Abstract]:The combination of "difficult" and "VP" forms "VP difficult" and "difficult VP" by means of word order, and there are differences in structure and function between them. Based on a large number of corpus, this paper makes a comparative study of "difficult VP" and "VP difficult" in the synchronic plane, focusing on describing the differences between them and giving a reasonable explanation to the reasons for the differences. It is recognized that "difficult" has modal meaning. Therefore, this paper combines modal study with word order study, and makes a new exploration in the aspects of observation angle, function analysis and so on. Hope to make a meaningful supplement to the existing research results of Chinese modality. The first chapter is the introduction of four aspects: introduce the origin of the topic, clear the research object; summarize the current situation of relevant research; explain the purpose and method of the research; explain the source of the corpus. The second chapter examines the structure of "difficult VP" and "VP difficult": it analyzes the differences between the grammatical nature and grammatical meaning of "difficult" before and after predicate structure; The VP is divided into small categories to describe the VP contained in the structure of "difficult VP" and "difficult structure of VP", which reveals the difference between "difficult VP" and "VP difficult". Because the VP in "difficult VP" and "VP difficult" are not completely opposite, therefore, the VP of "difficult VP" and "VP difficult" are not completely opposed to each other. According to the characteristics of VP in structure and meaning, the continuous system of VP is established according to the action from strong to weak. The verb in the left end of the continuum is characterized by strong meaning and concrete meaning. It is a typical verb that constitutes "difficult VP", and the verb referential meaning of the right end of continuum is strong. Abstract meaning is a typical verb that constitutes "VP difficult" and discusses the structural relationship between "difficult VP" and "VP difficult". The third chapter examines the functions of "difficult VP" and "VP difficult": first, it explains the difference between "difficult VP" and "VP difficult" in syntactic function, and then points out from the point of view. This paper analyzes the differences of semantic and pragmatic functions between "difficult VP" and "VP difficult" in terms of the modal meaning of transfer and expression. In the process of analysis, it is noticed that some "VP difficulties" have the tendency of moving from predicate to aspect from syntactic function, and from the semantic expression point of view, they are used to refer to some difficulties that should not occur, and this part of "VP difficulty" gradually solidifies. Therefore, in the end, this chapter makes a further analysis of the "VP difficulty", which was formed in the 1980s and is widely used by the mainstream media, and reveals the pragmatic motivation of choosing this kind of "VP difficult". The fourth chapter supplements the research of the full text. In the process of comparative study of "difficult VP" and "VP difficult", we feel that there are still some problems that need to be further clarified: "very difficult" is grammaticalized when it is used as predicate; There are stylistic differences between "very" and "very difficult", there are two cases of "difficult VP": subject as subject and subject as subject, and there are different types of situation in the two situations. The curing process of "VP difficult" fully reflects the interaction between structure and composition. Conclusion the differences between "difficult VP" and "VP difficult" in structure, semantics, pragmatic functions and the reasons for the differences are summarized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：1814495