本文選題：主要自源國家通用語 + 語音規(guī)范形成基礎(chǔ)　； 參考：《安徽大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前世界上自源國家通用語共有75種。本文以其中的英語、俄語、法語、西班牙語、德語、意大利語、葡萄牙語以及日語等8種語言為對象,就其形成基礎(chǔ)和形成規(guī)律進行了研究；并以前述研究成果為指導,就普通話定義等問題進行了再探討。 本文由六章組成。第一章為緒論,主要是回顧前人有關(guān)研究,以及說明本文的預期目標、語料來源以及研究方法。第二章至第五章為正文。第二章依次對英語、俄語、法語、西班牙語等四種最具影響力自源國家通用語,從語音規(guī)范的基礎(chǔ)和詞匯、語法規(guī)范的基礎(chǔ)兩方面,進行了歷史考察。第三章先后對德語、意大利語、葡萄牙語以及日語等四種使用人數(shù)較多的自源國家通用語的形成歷史進行了考察,考察依然是從語音規(guī)范的基礎(chǔ)和詞匯、語法規(guī)范的基礎(chǔ)兩方面展開。第四章是以前面的考察為支柱,在暫時排除普通話的情況下,就世界主要自源國家通用語形成基礎(chǔ)和形成規(guī)律,加以深入探析。第五章是以前面的研究成果為參照系,亦即以對于世界主要自源國家通用語形成基礎(chǔ)和形成規(guī)律的認識為指導,就普通話的歷史、特點以及定義等,進行了全面深入的再探討。第六章為結(jié)束語,主要是說明開展本課題研究的理論意義和實踐意義,并指出研究的局限和不足。 根據(jù)對英語、俄語、法語、西班牙語、德語、意大利語、葡萄牙語以及日語等8種自源國家通用語的考察,本文得出的結(jié)論是：其一,自源國家通用語語音規(guī)范直接基礎(chǔ)都是該國權(quán)威地域方言,而詞匯和語法規(guī)范直接基礎(chǔ)則為該國現(xiàn)當代著名作家的經(jīng)典作品中的典范用例。其二,自源國家通用語的形成規(guī)律具體表現(xiàn)為：來源于民間口語的權(quán)威地域方言是各自源國家通用語形成的基石：在自源國家通用語形成發(fā)展的過程中,文學的繁榮發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用；依靠政府行為或?qū)W者專家力量最終確立的自源國家通用語,自形成之日起,始終保持著自身鮮明的民族特色,并且代表著社會最具權(quán)威的語音、詞匯及語法規(guī)范。其三,究其規(guī)律形成原因,主要表現(xiàn)為語言內(nèi)部原因和語言外部原因兩個方面。促成該規(guī)律形成的語言內(nèi)部原因有：鮮活的民間口語與社會生活息息相關(guān),最能體現(xiàn)時代的要求,因而其最適合充當權(quán)威地域方言發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)；權(quán)威地域方言一般易懂、易學,具有強大的生命力且具有與時俱進的特點。而其語言外部原因主要有：政治經(jīng)濟原因；通用語推廣的方式和手段；社會的發(fā)展是語言變化發(fā)展的基本條件和強大動力。而根據(jù)在有關(guān)研究結(jié)論指導下的對于普通話定義的再探討,本文得出的結(jié)論是：其一,普通話的語音規(guī)范基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)為北京話音系：其二,其詞匯和語法規(guī)范的直接基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)是現(xiàn)代漢語書面語和廣播影視語言,而北方方言口語是現(xiàn)代漢語書面語和廣播影視語言的直接基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:At present, there are 75 kinds of native languages in the world. In this paper, eight languages, including English, Russian, French, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese and Japanese, are taken as the object of study. The definition of Putonghua is discussed again. This paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly reviews the previous studies, and explains the expected objectives, the source of the corpus and the research methods. The second to fifth chapters are the main body. The second chapter makes a historical study of the four most influential national languages, English, Russian, French and Spanish, in terms of the basis of phonetic norms and vocabulary, and the basis of grammatical norms. The third chapter investigates the history of the formation of the four popular languages, German, Italian, Portuguese and Japanese, which are widely used in native countries. The investigation is still based on the basis and vocabulary of phonetic norms. There are two basic aspects of grammatical norms. The fourth chapter takes the previous investigation as the pillar, under the condition of temporarily excluding Putonghua, makes a deep analysis on the foundation and the formation law of the common language in the main countries of the world. The fifth chapter is based on the previous research results, that is, the understanding of the basis and law of the formation of common language in the major countries of the world, the history, characteristics and definition of Putonghua are thoroughly and deeply discussed. The sixth chapter is the conclusion, which mainly explains the theoretical and practical significance of the research, and points out the limitations and shortcomings of the research. Based on the investigation of English, Russian, French, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese and Japanese, the conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, English, Russian, French, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese and Japanese. The direct basis of the national phonetic norms of the source country is the authoritative regional dialects, while the direct basis of lexical and grammatical norms is the exemplary use cases in the classical works of the modern and contemporary famous writers in this country. Secondly, the rules of the formation of the general-purpose language in the source country are as follows: the authoritative regional dialect derived from the spoken folk language is the cornerstone of the formation of the common language of the respective source country: in the process of the formation and development of the general-purpose language in the source country, The prosperity of literature played a vital role; the national language of origin, which was ultimately established by government action or by scholars and experts, had always maintained its own distinctive national characteristics since its formation. It also represents the most authoritative phonetic, lexical and grammatical norms of society. Third, the formation of the law, mainly for language internal reasons and language external reasons. The internal reasons for the formation of this law are as follows: fresh folk spoken language is closely related to social life and can best reflect the requirements of the times, so it is most suitable to serve as the basis for the development of authoritative regional dialects, and the authoritative regional dialects are generally easy to understand and easy to learn. With strong vitality and with the characteristics of keeping pace with the times. The external reasons of language include: political and economic reasons, ways and means of popularizing common language, and social development is the basic condition and powerful motive force of language change and development. Based on the re-discussion of the definition of Putonghua under the guidance of the relevant research conclusions, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the phonetic normative basis of Putonghua should be Beijing Voice Department; second, The direct basis of its lexical and grammatical norms should be modern Chinese written language, radio, film and television language, while the spoken language of northern dialect is the direct basis of modern Chinese written language and radio, film and television language.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H0-09;H102

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