本文選題：語言接觸 + 寧鄉(xiāng)地方普通話　； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：在語言接觸的影響下，語言變異頻繁發(fā)生。全國各方言區(qū)的人在學(xué)習(xí)或使用普通話的過程中，由于受到自己方言母語的影響，產(chǎn)生了各種與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普通話有一定距離的、帶有一定方言色彩的普通話，，使得標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普通話中的語音、詞匯、句法等方面發(fā)生變化。隨著普通話的普及和推廣，在寧鄉(xiāng)方言與普通話的接觸中，出現(xiàn)了一種語言變體——寧鄉(xiāng)地方普通話，即在普通話中摻雜寧鄉(xiāng)方言特色的語言現(xiàn)象。 本研究以社會語言學(xué)語言接觸與語言變異理論為指導(dǎo)，運(yùn)用社會語言學(xué)的研究方法，采用觀察法和錄音等手段，根據(jù)不同的性別、年齡、教育背景、職業(yè)和場合，以寧鄉(xiāng)本土90人左右作為調(diào)查對象，對語言接觸背景下的寧鄉(xiāng)地方普通話中的語氣詞變異情況進(jìn)行考察，并借助GOLDVARB X和EXCEL（2007）軟件對寧鄉(xiāng)地方普通話語氣詞的運(yùn)用分布情況進(jìn)行相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)和分析。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，寧鄉(xiāng)地方普通話是一種主要由語言內(nèi)部和外部機(jī)制共同作用而產(chǎn)生的變體。寧鄉(xiāng)地方普通話的出現(xiàn)源于人們在用普通話進(jìn)行交流的過程中，有意識和無意識地將寧鄉(xiāng)方言的一些特點(diǎn)帶入普通話中，在寧鄉(xiāng)地方普通話中的五種典型的語氣詞變異中，人們運(yùn)用寧鄉(xiāng)方言中的陳述語氣詞最為頻繁，其次是疑問語氣詞，較少的依次是感嘆語氣詞、祈使語氣詞和表停頓的語氣詞；語氣詞變異的出現(xiàn)呈現(xiàn)一定的分布規(guī)律，男性比女性運(yùn)用寧鄉(xiāng)地方普通話更為頻繁；年齡在30-45之間的人群更傾向于使用這種語言變體；公司職員更喜歡運(yùn)用這種地方普通話；在集市場合，這種寧鄉(xiāng)地方普通話使用率相對于其他場所較高。在語言態(tài)度上，大部分本地人對寧鄉(xiāng)地方普通話的使用能接受。其中，男性比女性更樂于接受此種語言變體，公司職員比較接受寧鄉(xiāng)地方普通話的運(yùn)用，而教師卻是較多地反對此種語言變體的使用。接受此種語言變體的人們普遍認(rèn)為寧鄉(xiāng)地方普通話中帶有寧鄉(xiāng)方言中的語氣詞比較幽默，親切，具有寧鄉(xiāng)方言的特色。 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的不斷交流與發(fā)展，語言接觸和融合的現(xiàn)象普遍發(fā)生，新語言變體的出現(xiàn)勢必會給共同語帶來一定的挑戰(zhàn)，因此，普通話的水平依然有待提高，有待繼續(xù)推廣。
[Abstract]:Language variation occurs frequently under the influence of language contact. In the process of learning or using Putonghua, people in all parts of the country, because of the influence of their native tongues, have produced a variety of Putonghua with a certain dialect color and distance from the standard Putonghua. The phonetic, lexical and syntactic aspects of standard Putonghua are changed. With the popularization and popularization of Putonghua, in the contact between Ningxiang dialect and Putonghua, there appears a language variant-Ningxiang local Putonghua, that is, the language phenomenon of mixing the characteristics of Ningxiang dialect in Putonghua. Under the guidance of sociolinguistic language contact and language variation theory, this study uses sociolinguistic research methods, such as observation and recording, according to different gender, age, educational background, occupation and situation. Taking 90 native people of Ningxiang as the research object, this paper investigates the variation of mood words in local mandarin of Ningxiang under the background of language contact. And with the help of GOLDVARB X and excel 2007), the distribution of mood words in Ningxiang local mandarin is analyzed. It is found that Ningxiang local mandarin is a variant mainly caused by the internal and external mechanisms of language. The appearance of local Putonghua in Ningxiang comes from people's consciously and unconsciously bringing some characteristics of Ningxiang dialect into Putonghua, and the variation of five typical modal words in Ningxiang local mandarin. In Ningxiang dialect, the declarative modal is the most frequently used, followed by the interrogative modal, the less in turn is the interjection, the imperative and the pause, and the variation of the modal presents a certain distribution rule, the second is the interjection, the second is the interjection. Men use local Mandarin more frequently than women; people between 30 and 45 years of age are more likely to use the language variant; company staff prefer to use local Mandarin; and in bazaars, This kind of Ningxiang local mandarin usage rate is higher than other places. In terms of language attitude, most locals can accept the use of local Putonghua in Ningxiang. Among them, men are more willing than women to accept this language variation, company staff are more receptive to the use of local Putonghua in Ningxiang, while teachers are more opposed to the use of this language variety. The people who accept this kind of language variant generally think that the mood words of Ningxiang dialect in Ningxiang local mandarin are humorous, cordial and have the characteristics of Ningxiang dialect. With the continuous exchange and development of economy and culture, the phenomenon of language contact and integration occurs generally, and the emergence of new language variants will inevitably bring some challenges to the common language. Therefore, the level of Putonghua still needs to be improved and to continue to be popularized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H102

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