本文選題：《文始》 + 語源學(xué)　； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：章太炎先生《文始》一書是中國語源學(xué)史上的具有開創(chuàng)性意義的重要著作�！段氖肌芬猿跷�、準初文為系聯(lián)基點,以聲韻為經(jīng)緯,在章太炎轉(zhuǎn)注假借理論的基礎(chǔ)上,運用“變易”、“孳乳”兩大原則,將具有同源關(guān)系的字詞系聯(lián)在一起,從而展示出漢語詞匯的規(guī)律性和系統(tǒng)性。然而長期以來,對《文始》的學(xué)術(shù)價值和歷史地位,學(xué)界卻是褒貶不一,且負面評價占主導(dǎo)。為此本文試圖對《文始》進行全面考察,以期重新認識《文始》在語源學(xué)研究上的價值和貢獻。全文共分為五章： 第一章是全文的緒論。學(xué)界關(guān)于《文始》的負面性評價引起了我們的研究興趣。我們梳理了章太炎生平概況及其在語言學(xué)上的貢獻,指出章太炎既是清代古音學(xué)之殿軍,又是現(xiàn)代“漢語言文字學(xué)”之鼻祖。《文始》的主旨在于“明語原”,其聲韻根據(jù)為章太炎所定的上古聲母二十一紐與古韻二十三部,其理論基礎(chǔ)為章太炎的轉(zhuǎn)注假借理論,并以“變易”、“孳乳”兩大原則貫穿全文。我們梳理了學(xué)界圍繞著初文、準初文的設(shè)立,《文始》的方法論,章太炎古音系統(tǒng)及音轉(zhuǎn)理論等問題的爭議,特別探討了關(guān)于《文始》排斥甲骨文的問題,我們認為章太炎到晚年對于甲骨文態(tài)度已發(fā)生變化,開始承認劉鐵云最早所得的甲骨并非偽造,其未吸納甲骨文研究成果主要是基于章太炎的治學(xué)態(tài)度和學(xué)術(shù)背景。此外,我們討論了《文始》版本、語音語義檢驗體系的選取及具體的研究步驟。 第二章以《文始》中提出的“初文”、“準初文”為研究對象。我們對“初文”、“準初文”的定義予以了考辨,特別對第三小類準初文即所謂“聲具而行殘”形聲字予以了質(zhì)疑。繼而首次全面準確地還原了《文始》中章太炎所謂的510個初文、準初文的完整面貌,并對其分布予以了研究。我們對初文、準初文的形體結(jié)構(gòu)類型予以全面考察后,發(fā)現(xiàn)章太炎指明了類型的初文、準初文之中有11處類型分析有誤。此外,從字形和字義角度,借助出土文獻等材料考證出有18個不符合初文、準初文的標準,故最終符合標準有492個。在此基礎(chǔ)上,制成了《文始初文、準初文表》, 第三章從語音和語義兩方面來對《文始》九卷所系聯(lián)的5910個字詞進行語源學(xué)上的檢驗。經(jīng)考察,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)其中具備語音通轉(zhuǎn)關(guān)系的字詞有5398個,占總數(shù)的91.3%。在語音篩選結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,我們再次用語義標準進行檢驗,剔除其中語義系聯(lián)有誤者,最終保留下來的才是語音、語義皆具有親緣關(guān)系的同源字詞。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,共有5157個,占總數(shù)的87.3%。由此可見,章太炎《文始》所系聯(lián)的同源字詞大多數(shù)還是較為可靠的。這也充分反映了章太炎倡導(dǎo)“形音義三,皆得俞脈”的方法論在《文始》中得以成功應(yīng)用。 第四章研究了《文始》同源字詞的語義關(guān)系及語義派生類型,指出《文始》同源詞之間的語義親緣關(guān)系有語義相同、語義相反相對、語義相通等類型。《文始》語義派生類型則分為孤立式、連鎖式、輻射式和綜合式。 第五章為全文結(jié)語。對全文提出的觀點予以了總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:Mr. Zhang Taiyan's book "beginning >" is an important work in the history of Chinese Etymology. It shows the regularity and systematicness of Chinese vocabulary. However, for a long time, the academic value and historical status of the "beginning of the text" are not mixed, and the negative evaluation is dominant. Therefore, this paper tries to make a comprehensive survey on the beginning of the article in order to re understand the value and contribution of the "beginning" to the study of etymology. The full text is divided into five chapters:
The first chapter is the introduction of the full text. The negative evaluation of "the beginning of the literary world" has aroused our interest in research. We have combed the general situation of Zhang Taiyan and his contribution in linguistics, pointing out that Zhang Taiyan is both the palace of the ancient phonology of the Qing Dynasty and the ancestor of the modern Chinese language and philology. The theme of the "beginning of the Wen" is "the original of the Ming Dynasty". The sound rhyme is based on the twenty-three parts of the ancient consonant twenty-one and the ancient rhyme defined by Zhang Taiyan. The theoretical basis is the theory of Zhang Taiyan's transfer and false theory, and the two principles of "change" and "breeding" through the full text. We have combed the academic circles around the original text, the establishment of the preliminary text, the methodology of "the beginning of the article", the Zhang Taiyan ancient system and the theory of sound transfer. In particular, the issue of the issue of "beginning" and the rejection of oracle inscriptions, we think that Zhang Taiyan's attitude to oracle bone has changed in his later years and has begun to admit that the earliest acquired bones of Liu Tieyun are not forged, and that his research results on oracle bone inscriptions are mainly based on Zhang Taiyan's academic attitude and academic background. In addition, we discuss it. The selection of the phonetic semantic examination system and the specific research steps are discussed.
The second chapter is the research object of the "preliminary essay" and the "preliminary essay", which is put forward in the "beginning of the Wen". We have examined the definition of "the first text" and "the early text", especially the third category, which is called "the sound tool and the residual" of the phonetic characters, and then the first comprehensive and accurate reduction of the 510 beginning of Zhang Taiyan in "the beginning of the Wen". In this paper, the whole appearance of the early text and its distribution are studied. After a thorough investigation of the form and structure of the original text, we find that Zhang Taiyan pointed out the original text of the type, and there are 11 types of errors in the preliminary text. In addition, from the angle of character and meaning, there are 18 unconforms of incompatibility with the help of unearthed documents. According to the standard of the original text, there are 492 final conforming standards.
The third chapter, from the two aspects of phonetics and semantics, examines the etymology of the 5910 words in the "beginning of the text >" of the nine volumes. We have found that there are 5398 words with voice transfer relations. On the basis of the results of the speech screening, the total number of 91.3%. is tested again with the semantic standard to eliminate the semantic association. There are 5157 homologous words with kinship. According to statistics, there are 5157 of them, which accounts for the total number of 87.3%.. Most of the homologous words in Zhang Taiyan 's "beginning" are more reliable. This also fully reflects the methodology of Zhang Taiyan's advocacy of "form the sound and meaning of the three. It was successfully applied in the beginning.
The fourth chapter studies the semantic relations and semantic derivation types of "beginning > homologous words". It is pointed out that the semantic relationship between the beginning of the literary and cognate words has the same semantic meaning, the opposite meaning of the semantic and the semantic interrelated types.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the full text.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H139

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