本文選題：苗語(yǔ) + 養(yǎng)蒿苗語(yǔ)��； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：苗瑤語(yǔ)的研究,相對(duì)于藏緬語(yǔ)、侗臺(tái)語(yǔ),一直以來(lái)都比較薄弱,而有關(guān)苗瑤語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)關(guān)系的探討,就更為寥落了,少數(shù)相關(guān)的討論,大部分都是直接著眼于尋找苗瑤語(yǔ)里的苗瑤語(yǔ)、漢語(yǔ)同源詞,而較少系統(tǒng)地關(guān)注苗瑤語(yǔ)里的漢借詞。這樣的研究方式,一方面,由于未有效排除漢借詞,使“同源詞”可信度降低,一方面,也錯(cuò)失了漢借詞本身可以提供的豐富的漢語(yǔ)史、苗瑤語(yǔ)史信息。有鑒于此,本文先系統(tǒng)研究了養(yǎng)蒿苗語(yǔ)的漢借詞,分析這些漢借詞相同音類的不同讀音類型,劃分歷史層次,討論相關(guān)苗語(yǔ)史、漢語(yǔ)史問題,在此基礎(chǔ)之上,再系統(tǒng)研究《苗語(yǔ)古音構(gòu)擬》里的苗語(yǔ)或者苗瑤語(yǔ)共同詞,看這些詞哪些是可以依據(jù)養(yǎng)蒿苗語(yǔ)漢借詞的表現(xiàn),納入漢借詞行列的,哪些是不能納入漢借詞,但與漢語(yǔ)存在音義關(guān)系,應(yīng)可判為苗漢關(guān)系詞的。 本文共分六章。第一章為緒論,討論研究的背景,研究的目的,前人的研究情況,以及漢借詞層次的劃分方法和苗漢關(guān)系詞的確定原則等內(nèi)容。重點(diǎn)是漢借詞層次的劃分方法,我們?cè)诳偨Y(jié)前人研究民族漢借詞的理論和漢語(yǔ)方言歷史層次分析理論的基礎(chǔ)上,從漢借詞的識(shí)別、借詞層次的劃分、借詞借入時(shí)候的讀音、層次的時(shí)間定位等6個(gè)方面詳細(xì)分析了借詞層次分析的步驟和方法。 第二章提供了本文使用到的苗語(yǔ)古音構(gòu)擬、苗瑤語(yǔ)古音構(gòu)擬、養(yǎng)蒿苗語(yǔ)音系、開覺苗語(yǔ)音系,漢語(yǔ)上古音系、漢語(yǔ)中古音系、漢語(yǔ)凱里話音系,重點(diǎn)對(duì)比了王輔世的苗語(yǔ)擬音和Ratliff的苗語(yǔ)擬音。開覺苗語(yǔ)是我們自己調(diào)查的材料,因此還給出了開覺苗語(yǔ)聲母、韻母的古音來(lái)源,同時(shí)給出與養(yǎng)蒿苗語(yǔ)、大南山苗語(yǔ)、臘乙坪苗語(yǔ)的對(duì)比。 第三章總結(jié)養(yǎng)蒿苗語(yǔ)現(xiàn)代漢借詞的語(yǔ)音特點(diǎn)。 第四章是本文的重點(diǎn),從聲調(diào)、聲母、韻母三個(gè)方面討論養(yǎng)蒿苗語(yǔ)古漢借詞的語(yǔ)音特點(diǎn)。聲調(diào)方面古漢借詞的特點(diǎn)是與漢語(yǔ)的四聲八調(diào)系統(tǒng)對(duì)應(yīng),形成這種對(duì)應(yīng)的原因我們認(rèn)為是借入時(shí)候漢語(yǔ)和苗語(yǔ)都是四聲系統(tǒng),苗語(yǔ)按調(diào)值相似的原則借入漢借詞以后,和漢語(yǔ)一樣發(fā)生了按聲母清濁的聲調(diào)分化；聲母方面古漢借詞相同古音來(lái)源的詞語(yǔ),一般都分為不同的讀音類型,這些不同的讀音類型有的源于苗語(yǔ)自身的音變,有的源于借入時(shí)間的不同,因而也提供了豐富的語(yǔ)音史信息。韻母方面古漢借詞的表現(xiàn)較聲母更為復(fù)雜,但一般也都能按照分析聲母的模式分成不同的層次。 第五章在前一章養(yǎng)蒿苗語(yǔ)漢借詞討論的基礎(chǔ)上,首先分析王輔世《構(gòu)擬》的682條苗語(yǔ)或者苗瑤語(yǔ)共同詞,哪些是漢借詞,哪些是苗漢關(guān)系詞。其次初步比較了苗語(yǔ)與周邊語(yǔ)言,包括漢語(yǔ)、南亞語(yǔ)、侗臺(tái)語(yǔ)、藏緬語(yǔ)身體部位詞。 第六章為本文的結(jié)語(yǔ)。
[Abstract]:The study of Miao Yao has been relatively weak in comparison with Tibetan and Burmese, Dong and Taiwan languages, and the discussion on the relationship between Miao Yao and Chinese has become even more desolate, a few related discussions. Most of them are focused directly on the Miao Yao language, Chinese homologues, and less systematic attention to the Miao Yao Chinese loanwords. On the one hand, because of not effectively excluding Chinese loanwords, the credibility of "homologous words" is reduced. On the other hand, it also misses the rich information of Chinese history and Miao language history that can be provided by Chinese loanwords themselves. In view of this, this paper systematically studies the Chinese loanwords in Artemisia and Miao language, analyzes the different pronunciation types of the same phonetic category, divides the historical levels, discusses the history of the Miao language and the history of the Chinese language. And then systematically study the Miao or Miao Yao common words in "Miao Ancient phonetic Construction", to see which of these words can be classified into the Chinese loan category according to the performance of the Chinese loan words in Artemisia annua and which can not be included in the Chinese loanwords. However, there is a phonetic relation with Chinese, which should be judged as Miao Han relation word. This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which discusses the background of the study, the purpose of the study, the previous studies, as well as the classification of the level of Chinese loan words and the principles of the Miao and Han relation words. On the basis of summarizing the theory of Chinese loan words and the theory of historical hierarchy analysis of Chinese dialects, we discuss the recognition of Chinese loanwords, the division of loan levels, and the pronunciation of loanwords when borrowing, based on the conclusion of the previous studies on the theory of Chinese loan words and the historical hierarchy analysis theory of Chinese dialects. The steps and methods of loanword hierarchy analysis are analyzed in detail. The second chapter provides the Miao dialect, Miao Yao, Artemisia Phonetics, Open sense Miao Phonetics, Chinese Ancient phonetic system, Chinese Middle Ancient phonetic system, Chinese Kaili phonetic system, which are used in this paper. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of Wang Fushi's Miao phonetic imitatives and Ratliff's Miao phonetic imitators. Kaijue Miao language is the material of our own investigation. Therefore, the origin of the consonant and vowel of Kaikue Miao language is given, and the comparison with Yanghao Miao language, Dannan Miao language and Laiping Miao language is given at the same time. The third chapter summarizes the phonological characteristics of modern Chinese loan words in Artemisia annua and Miao language. The fourth chapter is the focus of this paper, from the tone, consonant, vowel three aspects to discuss the sound characteristics of the ancient Chinese loan words in Artemisia and Miao. In terms of tone, the characteristics of ancient Chinese loanwords are corresponding to the four-tone and eight-tone system of Chinese. We think that the reason for this correspondence is that both Chinese and Miao are four-tone systems at the time of borrowing. After Miao borrows Chinese loanwords according to the principle of similarity of the tone values, Like Chinese, the tone is divided according to the consonant, and the words of the same ancient Chinese origin are generally divided into different phonetic types, some of which originate from the phonetic changes of the Miao dialect itself, and the original Chinese loanwords of the same ancient Chinese origin are generally divided into different phonetic types, and some of these different phonetic types are derived from the phonetic changes of the Miao dialect. Some come from different borrowing times, and thus provide rich phonological information. In the aspect of vowel, the loanwords of ancient Chinese are more complicated than consonants, but they can also be divided into different levels according to the pattern of analyzing consonants. The fifth chapter analyzes 682 common words of Miao language or Miao Yao language, which are Chinese loan words and which are Miao Han relation words, based on the discussion of Han loanwords in the previous chapter of raising Artemisia and Miao dialect. Secondly, the body part words of Miao language and surrounding language, including Chinese, South Asian, Dong and Taiwan, Tibetan and Burmese are compared. The sixth chapter is the conclusion of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H216

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