本文選題：新興類詞綴 + 對外漢語教學��； 參考：《陜西師范大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：自古以來,詞匯一直都是語言中最活躍的因素。各個國家和地區(qū)的各個時代,隨著社會生活的劇烈變化,都會涌現(xiàn)大量新詞新語。而在近一百多年的時間里,在中外交流的歷程中,中國發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化,漢語言在各方面因素的影響下有了巨大的改變。從文言文走向了白話文,從文言不一走向了文言統(tǒng)一,語法系統(tǒng)上也有不小的變化。“語法化”就是其中之一,也是近年來漢語言研究的重點。而詞法上“詞綴化”,“語義虛化”也是重要的語言現(xiàn)象。詞綴和類詞綴就是其表現(xiàn)之一。詞綴是指粘著定位的附加詞素,用來構成附加式的詞。類詞綴是指現(xiàn)代漢語中的那些和一般詞綴非常相似,但不同程度地缺乏一般詞綴的特點的詞。就是這些特點的不充分和現(xiàn)代漢語類詞綴的特殊性,給我們的研究帶來了許多復雜之處,也造成了不少分歧,比如類詞綴的范圍,判斷標準等。盡管如此,自20世紀80年代以來,類詞綴的研究已經(jīng)有了不少成果。在這樣的研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎上,為了充分描寫新興類詞綴,本文在運用書本、網(wǎng)絡等資源搜集多種語料的基礎上,在現(xiàn)有的學界認可的類詞綴的判斷標準,即意義的虛化性、位置的固定性和能產(chǎn)性等標準下,確定并分析了近五年來現(xiàn)代漢語中較活躍的新興類詞綴,另外,進行問卷調查,分析其結果并據(jù)此對對外漢語教學提供了自己的建議。本文的具體章節(jié)及其內容如下：第1章,緒論。主要內容是關于新興類詞綴的研究現(xiàn)狀,包含主要的論文,學界主要的觀點。具體而言,就是近年來新興類詞綴的主要研究方向,代表人物的代表論文和各家基本都己經(jīng)認同的要點。由于詞綴和類詞綴很難割裂開來,還有一些相關的詞綴方面的內容。第2章,現(xiàn)代漢語新興類詞綴的個例研究。包含三個小節(jié),主要是近五年成詞較多、使用較多,有必要進行教學的類詞綴。筆者根據(jù)類詞綴及其所構成的派生詞的意義進行了簡單的分類,分為表達人的特點,表達人與人、人與物關系的,表達某種新事物和某種新現(xiàn)象這三種,在每個新興類詞綴的具體研究上,本文會從意義虛化程度、近五年所產(chǎn)生的新詞、所反映的社會現(xiàn)實等方面進行分析。最后,基于以上內容,筆者還會對該類詞綴將來的發(fā)展進行預測。第3章,新興類詞綴產(chǎn)生的原因。本章從漢語言系統(tǒng)內部和外部兩個方面對該問題進行了分析。從外部來說,有社會發(fā)展、人們的心理和外語的影響等原因；從內部來說,有語言本身的類推機制和經(jīng)濟節(jié)省機制的影響。第4章,現(xiàn)代漢語新興類詞綴與對外漢語教學。本章主要包括,新興類詞綴在對外漢語教學中的教學現(xiàn)狀、必要性和關于教學的建議。值得一提的是,為了更好地掌握留學生們對于新興類詞綴的學習情況,這一章的內容還包括問卷調查及其結果。最后一部分是結語,為本文主要內容的總結。
[Abstract]:Vocabulary has been the most active factor in language since ancient times. With the dramatic changes of social life, a large number of new words and new words will emerge in all countries and regions. In the past 100 years, in the course of communication between China and foreign countries, China has undergone tremendous changes, and the Chinese language has changed greatly under the influence of various factors. From classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese, from the traditional Chinese to the unity of classical Chinese, grammatical system has no small changes. Grammaticalization is one of them, and it is also the focus of Chinese language research in recent years. Lexical affixing and semantic vacuity are also important linguistic phenomena. Affixes and affixes are one of them. Affixes are additional morphemes attached to a position, used to form additional words. Class affixes are those words in modern Chinese that are very similar to general affixes but lack the characteristics of general affixes to varying degrees. The inadequacies of these characteristics and the particularity of modern Chinese affixes have brought us a lot of complexities and differences, such as the scope of affixes, the criteria of judgment and so on. However, since the 1980 s, many achievements have been made in the study of affixes. On the basis of this kind of research, in order to fully describe the emerging affixes, this paper, on the basis of collecting a variety of language materials by using books, internet and other resources, and on the basis of the existing standards of judging the category affixes recognized by academic circles, that is, the nihilization of meaning. Based on the criteria of fixed position and productive ability, this paper determines and analyzes the emerging affixes that have been active in modern Chinese in recent five years. In addition, a questionnaire survey is conducted to analyze the results and provide suggestions for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The specific chapters and contents of this paper are as follows: chapter 1, introduction. The main content is about the status quo of emerging affixes, including the main papers, academic views. Specifically, it is the main research direction of emerging affixes in recent years. Since affixes and affixes are difficult to separate, there are some related affixes. Chapter 2: a case study of emerging affixes in modern Chinese. Contains three sections, mainly in the past five years more words, use more, it is necessary to teach affixes. According to the meaning of affixes and their derived words, the author classifies them into three types: expressing the characteristics of people, expressing the relationship between people and things, expressing some new things and some new phenomena. In the specific study of each emerging affix, this paper will analyze from the aspects of the degree of fictitious meaning, the new words produced in the past five years, and the social reality reflected by them. Finally, based on the above content, the author will predict the future development of this kind of affixes. Chapter 3, the causes of emerging affixes. This chapter analyzes the problem from the internal and external aspects of the Chinese language system. Externally, there are social development, people's psychology and the influence of foreign languages, while internally, there is the influence of the analogy mechanism of language itself and the mechanism of economic saving. Chapter 4, Modern Chinese emerging affixes and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This chapter mainly includes the teaching status, necessity and suggestions of new affixes in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is worth mentioning that in order to better understand the students' learning of emerging affixes, this chapter also includes questionnaires and their results. The last part is the conclusion, which is the summary of the main content of this paper.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H195

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