本文選題：新興類詞綴 + 對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)　； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：自古以來(lái),詞匯一直都是語(yǔ)言中最活躍的因素。各個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的各個(gè)時(shí)代,隨著社會(huì)生活的劇烈變化,都會(huì)涌現(xiàn)大量新詞新語(yǔ)。而在近一百多年的時(shí)間里,在中外交流的歷程中,中國(guó)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化,漢語(yǔ)言在各方面因素的影響下有了巨大的改變。從文言文走向了白話文,從文言不一走向了文言統(tǒng)一,語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)上也有不小的變化。“語(yǔ)法化”就是其中之一,也是近年來(lái)漢語(yǔ)言研究的重點(diǎn)。而詞法上“詞綴化”,“語(yǔ)義虛化”也是重要的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。詞綴和類詞綴就是其表現(xiàn)之一。詞綴是指粘著定位的附加詞素,用來(lái)構(gòu)成附加式的詞。類詞綴是指現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中的那些和一般詞綴非常相似,但不同程度地缺乏一般詞綴的特點(diǎn)的詞。就是這些特點(diǎn)的不充分和現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)類詞綴的特殊性,給我們的研究帶來(lái)了許多復(fù)雜之處,也造成了不少分歧,比如類詞綴的范圍,判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等。盡管如此,自20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái),類詞綴的研究已經(jīng)有了不少成果。在這樣的研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,為了充分描寫新興類詞綴,本文在運(yùn)用書本、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等資源搜集多種語(yǔ)料的基礎(chǔ)上,在現(xiàn)有的學(xué)界認(rèn)可的類詞綴的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即意義的虛化性、位置的固定性和能產(chǎn)性等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下,確定并分析了近五年來(lái)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中較活躍的新興類詞綴,另外,進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查,分析其結(jié)果并據(jù)此對(duì)對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)提供了自己的建議。本文的具體章節(jié)及其內(nèi)容如下：第1章,緒論。主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于新興類詞綴的研究現(xiàn)狀,包含主要的論文,學(xué)界主要的觀點(diǎn)。具體而言,就是近年來(lái)新興類詞綴的主要研究方向,代表人物的代表論文和各家基本都己經(jīng)認(rèn)同的要點(diǎn)。由于詞綴和類詞綴很難割裂開來(lái),還有一些相關(guān)的詞綴方面的內(nèi)容。第2章,現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)新興類詞綴的個(gè)例研究。包含三個(gè)小節(jié),主要是近五年成詞較多、使用較多,有必要進(jìn)行教學(xué)的類詞綴。筆者根據(jù)類詞綴及其所構(gòu)成的派生詞的意義進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的分類,分為表達(dá)人的特點(diǎn),表達(dá)人與人、人與物關(guān)系的,表達(dá)某種新事物和某種新現(xiàn)象這三種,在每個(gè)新興類詞綴的具體研究上,本文會(huì)從意義虛化程度、近五年所產(chǎn)生的新詞、所反映的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)等方面進(jìn)行分析。最后,基于以上內(nèi)容,筆者還會(huì)對(duì)該類詞綴將來(lái)的發(fā)展進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。第3章,新興類詞綴產(chǎn)生的原因。本章從漢語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部和外部?jī)蓚�(gè)方面對(duì)該問題進(jìn)行了分析。從外部來(lái)說,有社會(huì)發(fā)展、人們的心理和外語(yǔ)的影響等原因；從內(nèi)部來(lái)說,有語(yǔ)言本身的類推機(jī)制和經(jīng)濟(jì)節(jié)省機(jī)制的影響。第4章,現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)新興類詞綴與對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)。本章主要包括,新興類詞綴在對(duì)外漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀、必要性和關(guān)于教學(xué)的建議。值得一提的是,為了更好地掌握留學(xué)生們對(duì)于新興類詞綴的學(xué)習(xí)情況,這一章的內(nèi)容還包括問卷調(diào)查及其結(jié)果。最后一部分是結(jié)語(yǔ),為本文主要內(nèi)容的總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:Vocabulary has been the most active factor in language since ancient times. With the dramatic changes of social life, a large number of new words and new words will emerge in all countries and regions. In the past 100 years, in the course of communication between China and foreign countries, China has undergone tremendous changes, and the Chinese language has changed greatly under the influence of various factors. From classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese, from the traditional Chinese to the unity of classical Chinese, grammatical system has no small changes. Grammaticalization is one of them, and it is also the focus of Chinese language research in recent years. Lexical affixing and semantic vacuity are also important linguistic phenomena. Affixes and affixes are one of them. Affixes are additional morphemes attached to a position, used to form additional words. Class affixes are those words in modern Chinese that are very similar to general affixes but lack the characteristics of general affixes to varying degrees. The inadequacies of these characteristics and the particularity of modern Chinese affixes have brought us a lot of complexities and differences, such as the scope of affixes, the criteria of judgment and so on. However, since the 1980 s, many achievements have been made in the study of affixes. On the basis of this kind of research, in order to fully describe the emerging affixes, this paper, on the basis of collecting a variety of language materials by using books, internet and other resources, and on the basis of the existing standards of judging the category affixes recognized by academic circles, that is, the nihilization of meaning. Based on the criteria of fixed position and productive ability, this paper determines and analyzes the emerging affixes that have been active in modern Chinese in recent five years. In addition, a questionnaire survey is conducted to analyze the results and provide suggestions for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The specific chapters and contents of this paper are as follows: chapter 1, introduction. The main content is about the status quo of emerging affixes, including the main papers, academic views. Specifically, it is the main research direction of emerging affixes in recent years. Since affixes and affixes are difficult to separate, there are some related affixes. Chapter 2: a case study of emerging affixes in modern Chinese. Contains three sections, mainly in the past five years more words, use more, it is necessary to teach affixes. According to the meaning of affixes and their derived words, the author classifies them into three types: expressing the characteristics of people, expressing the relationship between people and things, expressing some new things and some new phenomena. In the specific study of each emerging affix, this paper will analyze from the aspects of the degree of fictitious meaning, the new words produced in the past five years, and the social reality reflected by them. Finally, based on the above content, the author will predict the future development of this kind of affixes. Chapter 3, the causes of emerging affixes. This chapter analyzes the problem from the internal and external aspects of the Chinese language system. Externally, there are social development, people's psychology and the influence of foreign languages, while internally, there is the influence of the analogy mechanism of language itself and the mechanism of economic saving. Chapter 4, Modern Chinese emerging affixes and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This chapter mainly includes the teaching status, necessity and suggestions of new affixes in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is worth mentioning that in order to better understand the students' learning of emerging affixes, this chapter also includes questionnaires and their results. The last part is the conclusion, which is the summary of the main content of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：H195

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