本文選題：漢譯 + 《浮士德》��； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：論文以歌德《浮士德》的漢譯者為主要研究對(duì)象,從翻譯學(xué)角度探討漢譯者主體性及主體間性,采用以《浮士德》漢譯者為中心的點(diǎn)面結(jié)合的模式考察了《浮士德》主要漢譯者的主體性與主體間性,進(jìn)而從翻譯倫理批評(píng)的角度評(píng)價(jià)總結(jié)《浮士德》漢譯者主體性與主體間性的整體狀況。 論文主要解決如下問題：《浮士德》的漢譯者與漢譯史情況梳理概述；主客視角下《浮士德》漢譯者個(gè)體有怎樣多元的主體性,譯者主體性如何發(fā)揮；主體間性視角下《浮士德》漢譯者在翻譯這個(gè)交往的、動(dòng)態(tài)的環(huán)境中與其他主體發(fā)生何種關(guān)系,這些關(guān)系如何分類又怎樣共同作用；譯者主體性、主體間性的關(guān)系與翻譯倫理的必要性：從翻譯倫理角度對(duì)《浮士德》漢譯應(yīng)該作何評(píng)價(jià)。 論文分為七個(gè)章節(jié)： 第一章概述了國(guó)內(nèi)外《浮士德》漢譯研究,指出了研究的不足,進(jìn)而提出系統(tǒng)的《浮士德》漢譯者研究的可能性與必要性。該章簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)介翻譯學(xué)中主體性與主體間性研究觀點(diǎn),得出此角度對(duì)《浮士德》漢譯研究范式的啟示,并以此探討研究方法及意義。 第二章介紹了歌德《浮士德》在中國(guó)的研究與翻譯情況,包括中國(guó)的歌德研究、《浮士德》研究和接受,包括《浮士德》漢譯者的《浮士德》研究。可以看到,《浮士德》的研究與譯介相伴而行,對(duì)《浮士德》精神和文學(xué)價(jià)值的接受與闡釋固然是作品譯介的催化劑,而《浮士德》的漢語譯介亦為作品研究提供了更為肥沃的土壤,作用更為根本,漢譯影響著整個(gè)作品的接受語境。 第三章分析描述了《浮士德》在中國(guó)的漢譯脈絡(luò)和漢譯者情況。在此先對(duì)《浮士德》(整部/半部)漢譯和譯者較新的統(tǒng)計(jì)予以補(bǔ)充、勘誤、甄別；在此基礎(chǔ)上,選出真實(shí)并全譯譯本的譯者為研究對(duì)象,以《浮士德》漢譯為紅線簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)介譯者,之后以變譯理論指出非全譯亦有其獨(dú)有的主體性意義。 第四章聚焦《浮士德》漢譯者主體性研究。首先討論翻譯學(xué)中譯者主體性的意義。翻譯研究一直關(guān)注著譯者的作用,尤其在文化轉(zhuǎn)向之后,翻譯文學(xué)地位得到提升,文化操作意識(shí)有所增強(qiáng),翻譯研究的視野也開始從純粹譯本的分析擴(kuò)展到翻譯本質(zhì)的探討,其中具有最強(qiáng)主觀能動(dòng)性的譯者走向前臺(tái),主體性得到更多重視與張揚(yáng)。以色列學(xué)者圖里在多元系統(tǒng)里研究譯本從選擇到接受的全過程,聚焦譯者主體,提出了三種翻譯規(guī)范即初步規(guī)范、首要規(guī)范和操作規(guī)范,本文在此基礎(chǔ)上分析概括出譯者主體性的三元性：能動(dòng)性、目的性與創(chuàng)造性,作為分析譯者主體性的框架。此后,本文具體分析譯者主體性,從原文選擇(能動(dòng)性)、翻譯思想及策略(目的性)和成文(創(chuàng)造性)三個(gè)角度闡述《浮士德》譯者主體性的發(fā)揮情況：首先,譯者不同的個(gè)人特點(diǎn)、經(jīng)歷及社會(huì)背景成為譯者選擇《浮士德》翻譯的動(dòng)因：其次,在文學(xué)翻譯中譯者持有各自的翻譯思想或翻譯理念,無論郭沫若的“創(chuàng)作論”、楊武能的譯者主體關(guān)懷,還是其他譯者在譯作的副文本中表達(dá)出的翻譯理念(如錢春綺的“亦步亦趨”)都顯示了譯者主體具有目標(biāo)指向性的目的性,這種思考本身就是主體性的覺醒,論文對(duì)《浮士德》譯者的翻譯觀進(jìn)行對(duì)比歸類——錢春綺為代表的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)派、綠原為代表的形式為內(nèi)容服務(wù)派、郭沫若為代表的創(chuàng)作派；之后論文以《浮士德》開篇Zueignung的幾個(gè)譯本為例,從意義傳遞、措辭、韻律、副文本等角度分析比較,盡可能考察譯者的翻譯觀的實(shí)施狀況,然后論文特別關(guān)注《浮士德》翻譯中尤其體現(xiàn)譯者創(chuàng)造性的詩體翻譯,選取有代表性的幾類詩體考察主要譯者的翻譯情況,總結(jié)得出譯者目的性翻譯觀的實(shí)施情況及他們具體翻譯中創(chuàng)造性不同角度與層次的發(fā)揮,這些又與《浮士德》作者歌德后期的翻譯觀點(diǎn)不謀而合。 第五章研究《浮士德》漢譯者的主體間性情況。譯者的這一屬性強(qiáng)調(diào)了對(duì)話與互動(dòng),論文通過對(duì)翻譯過程對(duì)話性的探討展示以譯者為中心,參與翻譯過程的主體間互動(dòng)的圖景,提出從譯者主體間性角度進(jìn)行探討的模式。其中,譯者間的間性時(shí)常為人所忽視,本文稱之為譯者間互主體性,在主體間性探討中對(duì)其關(guān)注并進(jìn)行分類,譯者間互主體性造就了譯者群體內(nèi)部的互動(dòng)與循環(huán)。之后本章第二部分聚焦《浮士德》漢譯者的主體間性,分別從譯者對(duì)作者歌德的主觀心理關(guān)系(崇拜與贊揚(yáng))、譯者對(duì)作品的移情與共感、操控主體與譯者間激勵(lì)與促成的關(guān)系、譯者與讀者間約束與評(píng)價(jià)關(guān)系、譯者間互主體性的角度具體闡述。其中在操控主體與譯者關(guān)系部分,論文著重探討了意識(shí)形態(tài)和贊助人(機(jī)構(gòu)贊助人及個(gè)人贊助人)與《浮士德》漢譯者的互動(dòng),這些操控主體大都為推進(jìn)《浮士德》漢譯創(chuàng)造了大環(huán)境；在關(guān)于譯者與讀者的間性關(guān)系的討論中,論文區(qū)分了二者間的兩種作用方式：1.基于跨文本性觀點(diǎn)提出的譯者對(duì)讀者的“譯者契約”關(guān)系,2.讀者對(duì)譯者的翻譯批評(píng),主要包含專家的翻譯批評(píng)和一般讀者的翻譯評(píng)價(jià),可以看到《浮士德》譯者大都注重與讀者的“契約”關(guān)系,并以此為約束；翻譯批評(píng)角度,國(guó)內(nèi)的專家批評(píng)稍顯不足,而普通讀者的評(píng)價(jià)活動(dòng)卻相當(dāng)踴躍,雖難有統(tǒng)一評(píng)價(jià),但可以肯定的是,首先,“哪種譯本最好”這類問題的合理性值得質(zhì)疑；其次,讀者與譯者的間性關(guān)系正面影響了《浮土德》漢譯；最后,讀者的反應(yīng)在一定程度是上文對(duì)創(chuàng)造性評(píng)價(jià)的旁證。在前述幾種間性關(guān)系的對(duì)比分析之后,論文特別關(guān)注了《浮士德》漢譯者互主體性,區(qū)別研究了空間(譯者個(gè)體間的)和歷時(shí)(譯者個(gè)體歷時(shí)和譯者整體歷時(shí))的兩種間性關(guān)系,并以此為基礎(chǔ)在本節(jié)末探討了譯者間互主體性引發(fā)的作品重譯、復(fù)譯和再創(chuàng)作。 主體性和主體間性互為補(bǔ)充、互相包含又互為前提,是譯者主體不可分割的兩面。第六章首先探明了前兩章所探討的《浮士德》漢譯者主體性和主體間性的辯證統(tǒng)一關(guān)系,指正對(duì)主體性和主體間性可能的誤解,并總結(jié)得出前兩章論述的點(diǎn)面結(jié)合模式。通過對(duì)主體性張力和主體間性作用的探討,本章自然提升至翻譯倫理研究。主體性發(fā)揮到一定程度必然經(jīng)受倫理的拷問。翻譯倫理進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)以來才逐漸為翻譯界所重視,它貫穿翻譯的整個(gè)過程,重視人的因素的翻譯批評(píng)越來越多地從這個(gè)角度觀察問題。論文總結(jié)了各種翻譯倫理觀點(diǎn),析出最重要的翻譯倫理理念：尊重和負(fù)責(zé),前者指譯者態(tài)度,后者代表符合倫理的行為,并采用切斯特曼的五種倫理模式,基于前幾章的論述,總結(jié)了《浮士德》漢譯者翻譯倫理的遵守情況。 第七章總結(jié)上文,反思譯者主體地位的現(xiàn)狀,并展望《浮士德》的漢譯研究�？偟目磥�,論文在以下幾點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了嘗試,或有所創(chuàng)新： 1.在翻譯研究領(lǐng)域中關(guān)注譯者這一核心要素,從主體性和主體間性的角度出發(fā),采取以譯者為中心的點(diǎn)面結(jié)合的方式,結(jié)合對(duì)各種翻譯理論觀念的探討,力圖系統(tǒng)地考察分析《浮士德》在我國(guó)的翻譯狀況； 2.《浮士德》詩體翻譯情況的探究,譯者與讀者之間的“契約”關(guān)系、翻譯批評(píng)的間性關(guān)系、顯示譯者內(nèi)部互動(dòng)與循環(huán)的譯者間互主體性關(guān)系,以上四點(diǎn)拓寬了我國(guó)《浮士德》翻譯研究的考察視野,也是對(duì)文學(xué)翻譯,特別是譯者較多、接受面較廣的經(jīng)典文學(xué)翻譯研究的啟示； 3.通過對(duì)翻譯倫理的考察,豐富了《浮士德》漢譯研究的可能性； 4.在國(guó)內(nèi)前人研究工作的基礎(chǔ)上,梳理了歌德《浮士德》在我國(guó)譯介的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),并作了若干修正和補(bǔ)充。
[Abstract]:The thesis, taking the translator of Goethe "fad" as the main object of study, explores the subjectivity and Intersubjectivity of the translator from the perspective of translatology, and examines the subjectivity and Intersubjectivity of "Fust >" the main translator of the Chinese translator, based on the combination of "Faust > the translator" as the center, and then appraise and sum up the floating scholar from the perspective of ethical criticism of translation. The overall situation of translator's subjectivity and intersubjectivity in Germany.
The thesis mainly solves the following questions: "the translator of the Chinese and the history of Chinese translation": "the subjectivity of the translator and the translator in the subject and the guest perspective, the subjectivity of the translator, and the translator's subjectivity; in the perspective of intersubjectivity, what does the translator of Faust > the translator do with the other subject in the dynamic environment?" The relationship, how these relationships are classified and how they work together; the subjectivity of the translator, the relationship between the intersubjectivity and the necessity of the translation ethics: how to evaluate the translation of Faust and Chinese translation from the perspective of translation ethics.
The thesis is divided into seven chapters.
The first chapter summarizes the research on Chinese and foreign translation of Faust and Chinese translation, points out the shortcomings of the study, and then puts forward the possibility and necessity of the systematic study of the translator and the translator of the Chinese translator. This chapter briefly reviews the perspective of subjectivity and intersubjectivity in translation studies, and draws the inspiration from this angle to the research paradigm of "Faust > Chinese translation", and discusses the research methods. And significance.
The second chapter introduces the research and translation of Goethe "fad" in China, including the Chinese Goethe study, "Fust > research and acceptance", including "Faust", "fash > the translator of the Chinese translator". The Chinese translation of the mediate catalyst, and the Chinese translation of Faust, also provides more fertile soil for the study of the works, and the role of the Chinese translation is more fundamental and the translation of the Chinese language affects the context of the whole work.
The third chapter describes the translation of the Chinese translation and the Chinese translators. First, we supplement the Chinese translation and the new statistics of the Chinese translation and translators. On the basis of this, the translator is selected as the research object, and then the translator is briefly reviewed with the red line of "Faust > Chinese translation" as the red line. It is pointed out that incomplete translation has its own subjectivity in translation theory.
The fourth chapter focuses on the study of the subjectivity of the translator in Faust. First, the significance of the translator's subjectivity in translation is discussed. Translation studies have always focused on the role of the translator. Especially after the cultural turn, the status of translation literature has been promoted, the awareness of cultural operation has been enhanced, and the view of translation studies has also been expanded from the analysis of pure translation to the translation. In essence, the translator who has the strongest subjective initiative goes to the front desk, and the subjectivity gets more attention and publicity. In the pluralistic system, the Israeli scholar tries to study the whole process of the translation from the choice to the acceptance, focusing on the translator's subject, and puts forward three kinds of translation norms, the first step standard, the primary norm and the operation norm. This article is the base of this article. On the basis of the analysis, the three elements of the translator's Subjectivity: initiative, purpose and creativity as the framework for the analysis of the subjectivity of the translator. After that, this article analyzes the translator's Subjectivity from the three angles of the original choice (Initiative), the translation thought and strategy (the purpose) and the writing (creation). First, the translator's different personal characteristics, experience and social background are the reasons for the translator's choice of "Faust" translation. Secondly, in literary translation, the translator holds his own translation thoughts or translation ideas, regardless of Guo Moruo's "creation theory", Yang Wuneng's translator's main concern, or the other translators expressed in the parebook of the translation. The idea of translation, such as Qian Chun Qi's "step by step", shows the objective of the translator's subjectivity, which is the awakening of the subjectivity, and the thesis is classified by the contrast of Faust and the translator's translation view: the rigor of Qian Chun Qi, the form of content service, and Guo Moruo as the representative. As an example of the translation of "Faust" and "Zueignung", the thesis analyzes and compares the translators' translation view from the angles of meaning transfer, wording, rhythm and vice text. Then the thesis pays special attention to the poetic translation of the translator's creativity, especially in the translation of Faust, which is representative of the translator. Several types of poetry examine the translation of the main translators, and conclude the implementation of the translators' view of the purpose of translation and the different perspectives and levels of creativity in their specific translation, which coincide with the later translation views of Gerd, the author of Faust.
The fifth chapter studies the intersubjectivity between the translator and the translator. The translator's attribute emphasizes dialogue and interaction. Through the discussion of the dialogism of the translation process, the thesis shows the translator centered and intersubjective interaction in the process of translation, and puts forward the mode of discussing the intersubjectivity angle between the translator. The second part of this chapter focuses on the subjective psychological relationship between the translator and the translator on Gerd. Worship and praise, the translators' empathy and common sense of the works, the relationship between the manipulative subject and the translator, the relationship between the translator and the translator, the relationship between the translator and the reader and the translator, and the intersubjectivity of the translator. In the part of the relationship between the subject and the translator, the thesis focuses on the ideology and patronage (institutional sponsors and personal sponsorship). With the interaction between "Faust" and the translator of the Chinese translator, most of these manipulative subjects have created a great environment for the translation of "Faust" and Chinese translation. In the discussion of the relationship between the translator and the reader, the paper distinguishes two ways of action among the two: 1. based on the transtranslators' translators' "translators contract" based on the transtextual view, 2. readers are The translator's translation criticism mainly includes the expert's translation criticism and the general reader's translation evaluation. It can be seen that the translator mostly pays attention to the "contract" relationship between the translator and the reader, and takes it as a constraint. The domestic expert criticism is slightly inadequate in the perspective of translation criticism, while the evaluation activities of the ordinary readers are very active, although there is no unified evaluation. But it is certain that, first, the rationality of "which kind of translation is best" is questionable; secondly, the relationship between the reader and the translator has a positive influence on the translation of "floating earth" and "Chinese translation"; finally, the reader's response is a circumstantial evidence of the creative evaluation in a certain degree. Don't pay attention to the intersubjectivity of "Faust" and the translator of the Chinese translators. The difference studies the two relationships between space (the translator's individual) and diachronic (the translator's individual diachronic time and the translator's overall diachronic). On the basis of this, the translation, retranslation and re creation caused by intersubjectivity between the translators are discussed at the end of this section.
In the sixth chapter, the dialectical unity relationship between the subjectivity and Intersubjectivity of the translator and the translator is explored in the first two chapters, and the misunderstanding of the subjectivity and intersubjectivity can be corrected, and the points of the first two chapters are summarized. Through the discussion of the subjective tension and intersubjectivity, this chapter naturally rises to the study of translation ethics. The subjectivity is bound to be subject to ethical torture to a certain extent. Translation ethics has been gradually paid attention to in the translation community since twenty-first Century. It runs through the whole process of translation and attaches great importance to the translation of human factors. Criticism is more and more observed from this point of view. The thesis summarizes various ethical views of translation, and analyzes the most important ethical ideas of Translation: respect and responsibility, the former refers to the attitude of the translator, the latter represents ethical behavior, and the five ethical models of Chesterman, based on the discussion of the previous chapters, and the summary of "Faust > the translator" The compliance of translation ethics.
The seventh chapter summarizes the above text, rethinks the status quo of the translator's main position, and looks forward to the study of the Chinese translation of Faust.
1. in the field of translation studies, the core elements of the translator are concerned. From the perspective of subjectivity and intersubjectivity, the translator - centered approach is adopted and the translation theory is discussed in a systematic way to analyze and analyze the translation of "Faust" in China.
2.< Faust > poetry translation, the "contract" relationship between the translator and the reader, the intersubjectivity of translation criticism, and the intersubjectivity between the translator's internal interaction and the circle of the translator. The above four points broadened the view of the study of "Faust" in China, as well as to literary translation, especially the translators. The Enlightenment of the study of classical literary translation;
3. through the study of translation ethics, enriches the possibility of Translation > < Faust;
4., on the basis of previous studies in China, the development of Goethe Faust in China was reviewed, and some amendments and supplements were made.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H059;I046

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