本文選題：溆浦鄉(xiāng)話 + 疑問句　； 參考：《中南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：鄉(xiāng)話作為一種瀕危方言及未明系屬方言,在方言學(xué)界已經(jīng)引起了學(xué)者們的重點(diǎn)關(guān)注和研究。本文主要以溆浦鄉(xiāng)話疑問句為研究對(duì)象,通過田野實(shí)地調(diào)查獲取研究的語料資源,借鑒當(dāng)前現(xiàn)代漢語普通話的相關(guān)研究成果,從句法、語義、語用方面觀照溆浦鄉(xiāng)話疑問句,對(duì)溆浦鄉(xiāng)話疑問句的表達(dá)手段和句子類型展開共時(shí)描寫,并將其與普通話疑問句進(jìn)行共時(shí)比較,同時(shí),對(duì)溆浦鄉(xiāng)話及周邊的溆浦蛤蟆腔和西南官話也予以對(duì)比,從而呈現(xiàn)溆浦鄉(xiāng)話疑問句自身的特點(diǎn)。 溆浦鄉(xiāng)話具有語音、詞匯和句法三種疑問手段,存在特指問、是非問、選擇問和正反問四種句子類型。通過與普通話、溆浦蛤蟆腔、溆浦西南官話相比可知： 表達(dá)手段方面,溆浦鄉(xiāng)話、普通話、溆浦蛤蟆腔以及溆浦西南官話,都可以單純使用語音手段來表達(dá)有疑而問的信息。溆浦鄉(xiāng)話的疑問語氣詞比普通話多了一倍。“啊”較之普通話,用在“是非問”中,還可以對(duì)應(yīng)于普通話中“嗎”的用法,疑問語氣更加強(qiáng)烈,疑問程度也更高。“呢”較之普通話,還能出現(xiàn)在“是非問”中�！皢�、呢、啊、口沙、咯、哦”為溆浦鄉(xiāng)話、蛤蟆腔、西南官話所共有,而“哇”為溆浦鄉(xiāng)話所獨(dú)有,“V”為溆浦蛤蟆腔所獨(dú)有,“嗒”為溆浦西南官話所獨(dú)有,溆浦鄉(xiāng)話還有疑問語氣詞連用的現(xiàn)象“咯哦”,蛤蟆腔的“呢”則不能用于“是非問”。溆浦鄉(xiāng)話疑問代詞可劃分為“問人、問事物、問處所、問時(shí)間、問數(shù)量、問情況、問方式、問原因、問程度”九種小類。只有詢問數(shù)量的“幾”與普通話一致,其他的則不相同,但總體來說,都能形成對(duì)應(yīng)格式。溆浦鄉(xiāng)話的疑問代詞較之溆浦蛤蟆腔和西南官話來說,多了“問情況”的疑問代詞,而“問數(shù)量”的“幾”、“問程度”的“好”、“問時(shí)間”的“好久”在三種方言之間存在著高度的統(tǒng)一性。 句子類型方面,它們的“特指問”依靠“疑問代詞”,“是非問”依靠“句末語氣詞”,“選擇問”依靠“表示選擇關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語”,“正反問”依靠“肯定與否定形式的共現(xiàn)”來傳遞疑問信息。區(qū)別在于：溆浦鄉(xiāng)話因語氣詞“啊”的使用而出現(xiàn)了獨(dú)有的選擇問格式；溆浦鄉(xiāng)話的正反問完成態(tài)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)態(tài)的否定格式“有不有”,對(duì)應(yīng)的普通話、蛤蟆腔、西南官話則用否定副詞“沒”,形成“有沒有”格式；溆浦鄉(xiāng)話里的“不已”和“罔”用在句末,相當(dāng)于普通話的“沒有”的用法,這也是有別于其他方言的。
[Abstract]:As an endangered dialect and an unknown dialect, local dialect has attracted the attention and research of scholars in the field of dialects.This paper mainly takes Xupu dialect interrogative sentence as the research object, obtains the research corpus resources through the field investigation, draws lessons from the present modern Chinese Putonghua related research achievement, from the syntax, the semantic, the pragmatics aspect view Xupu local dialect interrogative sentence, the article studies the Xupu dialect interrogative sentence from the syntax, the semantic, the pragmatics aspect.The synchronic description of the expressions and sentence types of Xupu dialect interrogative sentences is carried out, and the synchronic comparison between Xupu dialect and Putonghua interrogative sentences is made. At the same time, the Xupu dialect and its surrounding Xupu toad cavity are also compared with the Southwest Mandarin dialect.Thus presents the Xupu dialect interrogative sentence itself characteristics.Xupu dialect has three kinds of interrogative means: phonetic, lexical and syntactic. There are four sentence types: specific question, right and wrong question, choice question and positive and negative question.By comparing with Putonghua, Xupu toad cavity and Xupu Southwest Mandarin, we can know:In terms of means of expression, Xupu dialect, Putonghua, Xupu toad cavity and Xupu Southwest Mandarin can all express suspicious and asked information only by phonetic means.Xupu dialect has twice as many interrogative mood words as Putonghua.Ah "ah", compared with Putonghua, can also correspond to the use of "do" in Putonghua, the tone of doubt is stronger and the degree of doubt is higher.Compared with Putonghua, it can also appear in right-to-wrong question."what, ah, mouth sand, oh," Xupu, toad, southwest Mandarin common, "wow" is unique to Xupu, "V" Xupu toad unique, "Ta" Xupu southwest Mandarin unique,Xupu dialect also has the phenomenon of using interrogative mood words, but toad's tune can't be used as "right-to-right question".The interrogative pronouns in Xupu dialect can be divided into nine subcategories: "ask people, ask things, ask places, ask time, ask quantity, ask the situation, ask the way, ask the reason, ask the degree".Only the number of quizzes are consistent with Mandarin, the others are different, but in general, they form the corresponding format.The interrogative pronouns in Xupu dialect are more than those in Xupu toad and Southwest Mandarin, but the number of quizzes and the degree of inquiry are good.There is a high degree of unity among the three dialects in asking time for a long time.In terms of sentence types, their "specific questions" rely on "interrogative pronouns", "right and wrong questions" rely on "final modal words", and "choice questions" rely on "associative words" indicating the relationship of choice.Positive and negative questions rely on the co-occurrence of positive and negative forms to convey interrogative information.The difference lies in: Xupu dialect has a unique selective format because of the use of the mood word "ah"; the negative format of positive and negative questioning and empirical state of Xupu dialect is "there is no", corresponding Putonghua, toad cavity,The southwest Mandarin uses the negative adverb "no" to form the "whether or not" format; the Xupu dialect uses the words "unceasing" and "brother" at the end of the sentence, which is equivalent to the usage of "no" in Putonghua, which is different from other dialects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H17

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