本文選題：禮貌原則　切入點(diǎn)：答記者問　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：禮貌是判斷在一定文化中的人們的言語行為的一種社會(huì)標(biāo)尺，是人類文明的標(biāo)志，是人類社會(huì)活動(dòng)的一條準(zhǔn)繩，同樣也是成功交際的載體。作為一種普遍的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，禮貌存在于各種語言形式、各種文化中。隨著各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的不斷提高以及全球化趨勢(shì)的發(fā)展各個(gè)國(guó)家的交流也日益頻繁。禮貌原則的使用就顯得尤其重要。其在語言使用中的重要性已得到了普遍的認(rèn)可。同時(shí)，作為一種普遍的現(xiàn)象，禮貌原則在交際中也起著重要的作用。它制約著人們的言行，使人們的社會(huì)關(guān)系和交際活動(dòng)能夠協(xié)調(diào)。然而，對(duì)于禮貌原則的分析不能脫離了語境。因此，為了得到可信賴的結(jié)論，必須把其置于一定的相關(guān)的文本中進(jìn)行分析。 目前，發(fā)言人答記者問在世界范圍內(nèi)具有非常重要的影響和深遠(yuǎn)的意義。它不僅吸引了許多語言學(xué)家甚至是歷史學(xué)家，政治家和科學(xué)家的注意。在過去的幾十年當(dāng)中，大多數(shù)學(xué)者主要從內(nèi)容分析以及文體學(xué)的角度對(duì)新聞發(fā)言人答記者問進(jìn)行研究。然而，我們認(rèn)為從其他領(lǐng)域?qū)Υ鹩浾邌柕难芯恳矐?yīng)該得到相應(yīng)的重視。根據(jù)作者初步觀察，語用學(xué)中的禮貌原則，作為重要的語用手段之一，常常在答記者問中起到十分重要的作用。作者認(rèn)為，答記者問，作為一種交際手段，自然也包含了禮貌原則的使用。因此，本文以利奇的禮貌原則為基礎(chǔ)，通過分析中美兩國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞發(fā)言人答記者問中的禮貌原則的使用，探討答記者問中禮貌原則的使用效果，得出一些在進(jìn)行對(duì)外交流時(shí)的啟示。 本文主要使用了三個(gè)研究方法：定量分析、定性分析以及對(duì)比分析的方法。具體來講，，用定量的方法進(jìn)行材料的搜集，并用定性的方法進(jìn)行材料的分析。根據(jù)對(duì)禮貌原則的理解，在一定的語言結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)禮貌原則在一定的情景中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。本著嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膽B(tài)度，作者一共選取了60篇答記者問材料，中英文各30篇。60篇材料全部來自于兩國(guó)的政府網(wǎng)站。 首先，作者選擇了中國(guó)和美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院新聞發(fā)言人的答記者問這一個(gè)特定的語境，在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行分析，這樣可以獲得更具體、更有說服力的結(jié)果。其次，作者對(duì)中國(guó)和美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)言人的答記者問做了比較研究，并試圖找出相似之處以及差異。第三，作者試圖討論禮貌原則在答記者問中的應(yīng)用以及達(dá)到的效果。最后，基于對(duì)這些準(zhǔn)則的分析，本文還得出一些結(jié)論和啟示。作者希望這項(xiàng)研究可以幫助人們理解和掌握使用自己的語言，也期望能夠給新聞發(fā)言人提供一些方式。與此同時(shí)，本文可以從一個(gè)新的角度來理解發(fā)言人的答記者問并為中美兩國(guó)之間的成功交流提供一個(gè)有效途徑。
[Abstract]:Politeness is a kind of social standard to judge the speech act of people in a certain culture. It is a symbol of human civilization, a criterion of human social activities, and also a carrier of successful communication.As a universal social phenomenon, politeness exists in all kinds of language forms and cultures.With the development of economic level and globalization, exchanges between different countries are becoming more and more frequent.The use of the politeness principle is particularly important.Its importance in the use of language has been widely recognized.At the same time, as a common phenomenon, politeness principle also plays an important role in communication.It restricts people's words and deeds, and makes people's social relations and communication activities coordinate.However, the analysis of politeness principle cannot be divorced from context.Therefore, in order to obtain reliable conclusions, we must analyze them in some relevant texts.At present, the spokesman answered questions in the world has a very important impact and far-reaching significance.It not only attracts the attention of many linguists, even historians, politicians and scientists.In the past few decades, most scholars have studied the press spokesman's response to reporters' questions from the perspective of content analysis and stylistics.However, we think that the research of answering reporters' questions from other fields should also be paid attention to.According to the author's preliminary observation, the politeness principle in pragmatics, as one of the important pragmatic means, often plays an important role in answering reporters' questions.The author believes that, as a means of communication, the use of politeness principle is naturally included.Therefore, on the basis of Leech's politeness principle, this paper analyzes the use of politeness principle in answering reporters' questions by Chinese and American State Department press spokesmen, and discusses the effect of the politeness principle in answering reporters' questions.Get some enlightenment in the foreign exchange.This paper mainly uses three research methods: quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis and comparative analysis.Specifically, quantitative methods are used to collect materials and qualitative methods are used to analyze materials.Based on the understanding of politeness principle and on the basis of certain language structure, the author finds that politeness principle plays an important role in certain situations.In a strict attitude, the author selected a total of 60 papers in response to reporters' questions, 30 articles in both Chinese and English. 60 materials all came from the government websites of the two countries.First of all, the author chooses the Chinese and US State Department spokesmen to answer questions in this particular context, on the basis of this analysis, we can obtain more concrete and persuasive results.Secondly, the author makes a comparative study of the Chinese and American State Department spokesmen and tries to find out the similarities and differences.Thirdly, the author tries to discuss the application and effect of politeness principle in answering reporters' questions.Finally, based on the analysis of these criteria, some conclusions and revelations are drawn.The authors hope that the study will help people understand and master their own language and provide a way for press spokesmen.At the same time, this paper can understand the spokesman's questions from a new perspective and provide an effective way for the successful communication between China and the United States.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H313;H136

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