本文選題：方式詞　切入點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)義指向　出處：《淮北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文所選取的研究對(duì)象是現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中較常用的方式詞“隨X”類(lèi)，包括“隨口”、“隨手”、“隨身”、“隨腳”、“隨筆”、“隨機(jī)”、“隨地”、“隨后”、“隨時(shí)”、“隨處”這十個(gè)詞。本文在借鑒前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)之上，，從語(yǔ)言事實(shí)入手，首先對(duì)其做為方式詞的基本狀況進(jìn)行較準(zhǔn)確的描寫(xiě)和概括，然后對(duì)其與動(dòng)詞的選擇限制作了分析，再著重探討其詞匯化、語(yǔ)法化歷程，以期達(dá)到分析它在現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中的發(fā)展及使用規(guī)律的目的。 緒論部分介紹了本文的研究對(duì)象、價(jià)值、意義、現(xiàn)狀、存在問(wèn)題及研究方法、理論，著重對(duì)研究現(xiàn)狀做了介紹，并對(duì)語(yǔ)料來(lái)源進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。 第一章從共時(shí)靜態(tài)的角度探討了“隨X”類(lèi)方式詞的語(yǔ)義特征和語(yǔ)義指向。通過(guò)意義將其分成兩小類(lèi)，以“隨口”為代表的方式詞具有[+自主][+動(dòng)作][+有生][+隨意][+沒(méi)經(jīng)過(guò)思考][+人的肢體或人體借助外物發(fā)出的動(dòng)作]的語(yǔ)義特征，其語(yǔ)義指向句子的施事；以“隨機(jī)”為代表的方式詞具有[+自主][+動(dòng)作][+有生][-具體時(shí)間、范圍限制]的語(yǔ)義特征，其語(yǔ)義指向句子的動(dòng)作。 第二章從共時(shí)與歷時(shí)相結(jié)合的層面來(lái)分析“隨X”類(lèi)方式詞與動(dòng)詞音節(jié)和語(yǔ)義的選擇限制。從動(dòng)詞音節(jié)來(lái)看，它主要與雙音節(jié)動(dòng)詞搭配；從動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)義來(lái)看，它與自主動(dòng)詞搭配受限較少，與非自主動(dòng)詞搭配所受限制較多。 第三章從歷時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)的角度首先分析了“隨X”類(lèi)方式詞的共同語(yǔ)素“隨”的意義和詞性演變：由能夠獨(dú)立運(yùn)用、表示實(shí)際意義的動(dòng)詞演變?yōu)椴荒軉为?dú)使用、表示句中語(yǔ)法關(guān)系的介詞，再虛化為黏著的、只表示語(yǔ)素意義的語(yǔ)素。其次在搜集到的語(yǔ)料基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)“口”、“手”、“身”、“腳”、“筆”、“機(jī)”、“地”、“后”、“時(shí)”、“處”與“隨”組成的合成詞的詞匯化、語(yǔ)法化歷程進(jìn)行了分析。再次，對(duì)“隨X”類(lèi)方式詞的詞匯化、語(yǔ)法化動(dòng)因做了簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明。 最后是結(jié)語(yǔ)部分。 縱觀全文，從語(yǔ)義指向到與動(dòng)詞的選擇限制，再到詞匯化、語(yǔ)法化，本文較為全面的展示了“隨X”類(lèi)作為方式詞的特征及與其他詞類(lèi)的異同。
[Abstract]:The research object of this paper is "with X", which is commonly used in modern Chinese, including "random", "anytime", "accompanied", "with foot", "essay", "random", "anywhere", "followed", "anytime", "at any time", "with foot", "with writing", "random", "anywhere", "afterwards", "at any time".The ten words "everywhere".On the basis of the previous research results, this paper begins with the linguistic facts, first describes and generalizes the basic situation of the words as a mode word, and then analyzes its limitations on the choice of verbs.Then it discusses the process of lexicalization and grammaticalization in order to analyze its development and usage in modern Chinese.The introduction part introduces the research object, value, significance, status quo, existing problems and research methods, theory, and emphatically introduces the research status, and explains the source of the corpus.The first chapter discusses the semantic features and semantic direction of "with X" type words from the synchronic and static point of view.By dividing it into two subcategories of meaning, the words represented by "casually" have the semantic characteristics of [autonomous] [action] [living] [random] [without thinking] [human body or human body acting with the aid of external objects],Its semantic points to the agent of the sentence, and the "random" mode word has the semantic characteristics of "autonomous] [action] [living] [-specific time, scope limit], and its semantic direction is the action of the sentence."The second chapter analyzes the constraints of "with X" style words and verb syllables and semantics from the perspective of synchronic and diachronic combination.From the perspective of verb syllables, it is mainly collocated with dicyllabic verbs, and from the verb semantic point of view, its collocation with autonomous verbs is less restricted, and with non-autonomous verbs is more limited.In chapter 3, from the diachronic point of view, we first analyze the meaning and part of speech evolution of the common morpheme of "with X" type words: from the verbs which can be used independently and represent the actual meaning, they can not be used alone.A preposition that represents grammatical relations in a sentence, and then becomes adherent and represents morphemes only.Secondly, on the basis of the collected data, the words "mouth", "hand", "body", "foot", "pen", "machine", "ground", "hou", "Shi", "place" and "accompanying" are lexicalized.The process of grammaticalization is analyzed.Thirdly, the lexicalization and grammaticalization motivation of "with X" type words are briefly explained.The last part is the conclusion.Throughout the thesis, from semantic orientation to choice restriction of verbs, to lexicalization and grammaticalization, this paper comprehensively shows the characteristics of "with X" as a mode word and its similarities and differences with other parts of speech.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：淮北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146

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