本文選題：《元刊雜劇三十種》　切入點：平比　出處：《溫州大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以《元刊雜劇三十種》為研究對象，對其中的比較句式進行了窮盡性的調(diào)查和描寫。我們將《雜劇》比較句分為平比句和差比句，運用描寫與解釋相結(jié)合的方法，深入分析了各類比較句式的結(jié)構(gòu)特點和表義功能，并通過歷時比較進一步揭示《雜劇》比較句的特點及其在近代漢語比較句發(fā)展史上的過渡地位。 《雜劇》中平比句數(shù)量豐富，結(jié)構(gòu)復雜。按照標記的數(shù)量可分為前單標記平比句、后單標記平比句和雙標記平比句。從比較標記來看，主要有“如”、“似”、“若”、“般”、“樣”等，，其中比較標記“如”和“似”的復合形式較為豐富。從句式上看，平比句出現(xiàn)很多新的句式，如“XY般W”、“XY似/也似W”等。從使用頻率來看，“若”字句由于文言色彩較濃已逐漸消亡，而“似”類平比句的數(shù)量急劇上升，使得其比較標記的地位進一步加強。從句法功能來看，唐宋時期平比結(jié)構(gòu)主要在句中作謂語、狀語和補語，而《雜劇》中開始有了作定語的用法，并且平比結(jié)構(gòu)的作用更加復雜，出現(xiàn)了多種用法疊加的情況。此外，我們還著重探討了“X比Y”式、“來”字句等的來源問題。 《雜劇》中差比句類型豐富。按照語義可分為勝過句、不及句和異比句。從比較標記來看，主要有“如”、“似”、“過”、“比”、“不及”等，其表達形式也十分豐富，既有肯定式和否定式，還有反詰式和疑問式。句式上，基本沿用舊的差比句式，同時也產(chǎn)生了新的差比句式，如“XW過Y”式、“X比Y難同”式等。從使用頻率看，以不及句為主，其中盛行比較句史的“于”字差比句消失于歷史舞臺。從比較結(jié)果來看，W既可以出現(xiàn)于Y后，還可出現(xiàn)于X與Y之間，也可出現(xiàn)于復合式比較標記之間。此外，我們著重探討了“比”字句中“比”是否完全虛化為介詞、如何區(qū)分“XW如/似Y”式表平比還是差比等問題。
[Abstract]:This paper takes 30 kinds of Yuan Zaju as the research object, and makes an exhaustive investigation and description of the comparative sentence patterns.In this paper, we divide the comparative sentences of Zaju into plain and differential sentences. By using the method of combining description with explanation, we deeply analyze the structural characteristics and semantic functions of all kinds of comparative sentences.Through diachronic comparison, it further reveals the characteristics of comparative sentences in Zaju and their transitional position in the development of comparative sentences in modern Chinese.Zaju is rich in quantity and complex in structure.According to the number of markers, they can be divided into the former single marker equality comparison sentence, the second single marker equality comparison sentence and the double marker level comparison sentence.In terms of comparative markers, there are mainly "such", "like", "if", "general", "like", and so on, among which the composite forms of comparative marks such as "like" and "like" are more abundant.From the perspective of sentence structure, there are many new sentence patterns, such as "XY like W", "XY like / similar to W" and so on.In terms of the frequency of use, the word "Ruo" has gradually died out because of the strong color of classical Chinese, while the number of "like" sentence has risen sharply, which further strengthens its position as a comparative marker.From the perspective of syntactic function, in Tang and Song dynasties, the Pingbi structure was mainly used as predicate, adverbial and complement in sentences, while in Zaju, the usage of attributive was started, and the function of equality was more complex than that of structure, and there were many cases of superposition of usage.In addition, we also discuss the source of "X than Y", "Lai" and so on.Zaju is more varied than sentence types.According to the semantics, it can be divided into superior sentence, inferior sentence and dissimilar sentence.In terms of comparative markers, there are mainly "such as", "like", "over", "than", "not enough" and so on, and the forms of expression are also very rich, both positive and negative, as well as cross-examination and interrogative.In sentence structure, the old difference ratio sentence pattern is basically followed, and a new difference ratio sentence pattern is also produced, such as "XW over Y" type, "X is difficult to match Y" type and so on.In terms of frequency of use, it is less than sentence, in which "Yu" of comparative sentence history vanishes in historical stage.From the results of comparison, it can be seen that W can appear after Y, between X and Y, and between compound comparative markers.In addition, we mainly discuss whether "bi" in "bi" sentence is completely empty as a preposition, and how to distinguish "XW like Y" from "XW / like Y" and so on.
【學位授予單位】：溫州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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