本文選題：自主/非自主描摹性副詞　切入點：句式選擇　出處：《遼寧大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：論文以張誼生《現(xiàn)代漢語副詞研究》中的描摹性副詞（在句法上可以充當動詞的準定語，句中位序比較固定，一般只能緊貼中心語，主要是用來對相關行為、狀態(tài)進行描述、刻畫的）為研究對象。將“自主”“非自主”這一對概念應用于描摹性副詞的研究，力求為自主描摹性副詞和非自主描摹性副詞做合理的區(qū)分，并詳細比較二者在幾個常見句式的選擇情況、與自主非自主動詞的共現(xiàn)情況以及自主描摹性副詞和非自主描摹性副詞的共現(xiàn)情況。 首先，利用原型范疇理論和語義特征分析的方法將描摹性副詞分為自主描摹性副詞和非自主描摹性副詞兩個原型范疇，列舉了部分典型成員和非典型成員。對于分類過程中二者受語境和句子動態(tài)影響的情況也做了分析。 其次，為便于研究依據(jù)語義特點將描摹性副詞分為意志類、時機類、同獨類、依照類、狀態(tài)類、方式類六類。選取現(xiàn)代漢語典型的常見句式“被字句”“把字句”和“祈使句”對以上六類中的自主描摹性副詞和非自主描摹性副詞的句式選擇情況進行考察。經(jīng)過大量語料的驗證發(fā)現(xiàn)自主/非自主描摹性副詞都有部分成員能夠進入把字句，而自主描摹性副詞中的多數(shù)成員能夠進入把字句且部分成員在把字句中位置比較自由。非自主描摹性副詞只有少數(shù)成員能夠進入把字句且在句子位置比較固定。對自主/非自主描摹性副詞能否進入把字句及在把字句中的位置是否自由的影響因素很多。例如把字句中VP的組成成分、描摹性副詞的語義指向、整體句式義和普遍的語言習慣等。 再次，鑒于“自主”“非自主”概念最初是被應用于動詞研究的事實，分析了自主描摹性副詞和非自主描摹性副詞與自主動詞和非自主動詞的共現(xiàn)情況，對于常見的情態(tài)動詞的共現(xiàn)情況也進行了考察。發(fā)現(xiàn)自主動詞可以受意志類、時機類、同獨類、依照類、方式類各類自主描摹性副詞的修飾。非自主動詞極少受自主描摹性副詞修飾，在受自主描摹性副詞修飾后非自主動詞會臨時獲得自主意義。非自主描摹性副詞只有少數(shù)成員可以依賴語境修飾自主動詞。能夠修飾非自主動詞的非自主描摹性副詞多為書面語且以帶后綴“然”的居多。 最后，考慮到副詞在使用過程中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)連用的情況，繼續(xù)考察了自主/非自主描摹性副詞的連用情況。只有自主描摹性副詞內部連用的情況比較常見，，但連用時位置相對固定。非自主描摹性副詞內部連用的情況極少。兩類之間只有非自主描摹性副詞中的狀態(tài)類和自主描摹性副詞中的同獨類可以連用，而且連用時的順序基本固定。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the descriptive adverbs in Zhang Yisheng's A study of adverbs in Modern Chinese (syntactically can be used as quasi-attributive of verbs, the middle order of sentences are relatively fixed, generally can only stick to the central language, mainly used to describe the related behavior and state.Depict) as the object of study.The co-occurrence of autonomous and involuntary verbs and the co-occurrence of autonomous descriptive adverbs and non-autonomous descriptive adverbs.The influence of context and sentence dynamics on the classification process is also analyzed.Secondly, according to the semantic characteristics, the descriptive adverbs are divided into six categories: will, timing, identity, state and mode.This paper selects the typical sentence patterns of "Bei" and "Ba" and "imperative sentence" in modern Chinese to investigate the selection of autonomous descriptive adverbs and non-autonomous descriptive adverbs in the above six categories.It is found that some members of autonomous / involuntary tracing adverbs can enter the Ba sentence, while most members of the autonomous descriptive adverbs can enter the Ba sentence and some of the members are free to position in the Ba sentence.Only a few members of an involuntary descriptive adverb can enter the sentence and are fixed in the position of the sentence.There are many factors affecting whether autonomous / involuntary descriptive adverbs can enter the Ba sentence and whether the position in the Ba sentence is free or not.For example, the composition of VP in sentence, the semantic direction of descriptive adverb, the whole sentence meaning and the general language habit, etc.Thirdly, in view of the fact that the concept of "autonomy" and "non-autonomy" was initially applied to the study of verbs, this paper analyzes the co-occurrence of autonomous descriptive adverbs and non-autonomous descriptive adverbs with autonomous verbs and non-autonomous verbs.The common co-occurrence of modal verbs is also investigated.It is found that autonomous verbs can be modified by various kinds of autonomous descriptive adverbs, such as will, timing, identity, according to class and mode.The involuntary verbs are rarely modified by autonomous descriptive adverbs, and the involuntary verbs can gain the autonomous meaning temporarily after being modified by the autonomous descriptive adverbs.Only a few members of non-autonomous descriptive adverbs can modify autonomous verbs depending on context.The non-autonomous descriptive adverbs which can modify the non-autonomous verbs are mostly written words with the suffix "ran".Finally, considering that adverbs are often used in conjunction in the process of use, we continue to investigate the conjunctions of autonomous / involuntary descriptive adverbs.Only autonomous descriptive adverbs used in the internal situation is more common, but the position is relatively fixed.There are very few cases in which the internal conjunction of involuntary descriptive adverbs is used.Between the two classes, only the state class in the non-autonomous descriptive adverbs and the identical classes in the autonomous descriptive adverbs can be used together, and the order of the continuous use time is basically fixed.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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