本文選題：尤其(是)　切入點：比較　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：“尤其(是)”是漢語重要的虛詞。本文在吸收前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,將“尤其(是)”定位為一類特殊的比較標(biāo)記,并借鑒比較范疇、構(gòu)式語法、原型范疇、詞匯化與語法化等理論,采用共時與歷時相結(jié)合、描寫與解釋相結(jié)合、語料收集與數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計相結(jié)合等方法,對其功能進行全面深入探討。全文共分五章： 第一章緒論。介紹學(xué)界關(guān)于“尤其(是)”在詞性、語義語用、語法化等方面的研究成果。指出已有研究在“尤其(是)”的語義基礎(chǔ)、構(gòu)式分布、歷時形成動因等研究方面的不足。最后介紹本文的研究思路方法及語料來源。 第二章作為特殊比較標(biāo)記的“尤其(是)”。從比較對象的數(shù)量、比較結(jié)果的異同、比較標(biāo)記的數(shù)量、比較標(biāo)記的位置等角度,可將漢語的比較范疇分為平比、差比和極比�！坝绕�(是)”的基本語義是表示質(zhì)同量異的極比,即比較客體和比較主體的性質(zhì)一致,量上存在高低。不論單用還是與其他比較標(biāo)記共現(xiàn),“尤其(是)”的句法位置都以在比較主體前出現(xiàn)為常。語言類型學(xué)將比較標(biāo)記分成兩類：一是在比較基準(zhǔn)前的基準(zhǔn)標(biāo)記,一類是在比較結(jié)果前的屬性標(biāo)記。漢語的“尤其(是)”是一種不同于這兩類的特殊比較標(biāo)記——比較主體前的主體標(biāo)記。 第三章“尤其(是)”句的構(gòu)式語義分析�！坝绕�(是)”所在的句子可統(tǒng)括為一個認(rèn)知構(gòu)式,其典型的構(gòu)式義為“集合中成員質(zhì)同量異,且極端成員的量最大”。構(gòu)式C由比較客體、“尤其(是)”、比較主體三部分構(gòu)成。其構(gòu)式根據(jù)典型度高低可分為三級：典型構(gòu)式是顯性復(fù)合構(gòu)式;次典型構(gòu)式是隱性復(fù)合構(gòu)式；不典型構(gòu)式是簡單構(gòu)式。 第四章比較標(biāo)記“尤其(是)”的歷時發(fā)展。“尤其”的詞匯化始于唐代,宋元明進一步發(fā)展,清代基本完成。其詞匯化的條件是“其”的語義虛化導(dǎo)致的重新分析。“尤其”還同時發(fā)生了功能轉(zhuǎn)變即語法化過程。清代的屬性標(biāo)記“尤其”,可與基準(zhǔn)標(biāo)記“比”共現(xiàn),這一用法在現(xiàn)代漢語中已消亡。至于“尤其”作為主體標(biāo)記的用法,在清代就已初露端倪。 第五章結(jié)語�？偨Y(jié)全文的研究價值,指出研究的不足和下一步的研究課題。
[Abstract]:"especially (is)" is an important function word in Chinese. On the basis of absorbing the previous research results, this paper defines "especially (especially)" as a kind of special comparative marker, and draws lessons from the category of comparison, construction grammar and prototype category. The functions of lexicalization and grammaticalization are discussed comprehensively and deeply by the methods of synchronic and diachronic, description and interpretation, and data collection and statistics. The first chapter is introduction. It introduces the research results of "especially" in the aspects of part of speech, semantic pragmatics, grammaticalization and so on. It points out that the semantic basis and construction distribution of "especially" has been studied. Finally, this paper introduces the research methods and data sources. The second chapter is "especially" as a special comparative marker. From the angles of the number of comparative objects, the similarities and differences of the results, the number of comparative markers and the position of comparative markers, the comparative category of Chinese can be divided into equal comparison. Difference ratio and extreme ratio. The basic meaning of "especially (is)" is the extreme ratio which indicates the difference of quality and quantity, that is, the property of the comparative object and the comparative subject is the same. The syntactic position of "especially" always appears in front of the comparator. Linguistic typology divides the comparative marker into two categories: one is the reference marker before the baseline. In Chinese, "especially" is a special comparison marker different from these two kinds-the subject mark before the comparative subject. The third chapter "especially (is)" sentence construction semantic analysis. "especially (is)" sentence can be contained in a cognitive construction, its typical construction meaning is "in the set member qualitative quantity difference," Construction C consists of three parts: comparative object, especially, and comparative subject. The construction can be divided into three levels according to the degree of typicality: the typical construction is a dominant compound construction, the sub-typical construction is a recessive compound construction, and the subtypical construction is a recessive compound construction. An atypical construction is a simple construction. The fourth chapter compares the diachronic development of "especially". The lexicalization of "special" began in the Tang Dynasty and further developed in the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties. The condition of its lexicalization is the reanalysis caused by the semantic deficiency of "it". "especially" has also taken place at the same time in the process of grammaticalization. This usage has died out in modern Chinese. As for the use of "especially" as a subject mark, it has already begun to appear in Qing Dynasty. The fifth chapter summarizes the research value of the full text, points out the shortcomings of the research and the next research topic.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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