本文選題：漢語小句　切入點：英語小句　出處：《哈爾濱師范大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：自從Chomsky和Stowell在1981年提出了小句這一概念后，國內(nèi)外的許多語言學家都在關(guān)注小句這一特殊語言范疇的研究。但是，盡管有關(guān)這一語言學問題的研究已經(jīng)取得了很大一部分進展，語言學家們始終沒有提出一個統(tǒng)一的令人滿意的解釋。 本篇論文研究了小句這一語言學界中備受爭議的句法范疇，嘗試在最簡方案的理論框架下重新定義英語小句和漢語小句的概念、范疇地位、同時試著為英語小句和漢語小句的生成提供一個合理的解釋。本文力求為英語和漢語小句提供一個統(tǒng)一的完整的解釋。 本文首先簡要的介紹了國內(nèi)外學者在英語和漢語小句研究方面的研究現(xiàn)狀，進展及成果。為了對小句生成這一問題進行全面地，系統(tǒng)地調(diào)查研究，本篇論文采用了最簡方案框架下的X階標理論，題元理論，格理論，VP內(nèi)部主語假設(shè)理論，以及VP殼理論。簡單地說，小句是一個句子成分，它的相應句子結(jié)構(gòu)是NP, XP，在本文中X可以屬于名詞、形容詞、介詞和動詞任一范疇。而關(guān)于小句的范疇地位，不同的學者持有不同的觀點，其中比較有代表性的是XP分析，PrP分析，AgrP分析，SC分析，TP分析和IP分析。本文分別討論了以上分析的優(yōu)缺點，然后在Aarts和Culicover的IP分析的基礎(chǔ)上，認為小句是一個以隱形功能曲折詞I為中心的最大投射。此外，我們可以在英語及漢語的例外授格結(jié)構(gòu)，，動賓補結(jié)構(gòu)，提升結(jié)構(gòu)和存在結(jié)構(gòu)中發(fā)現(xiàn)小句的存在。小句還有一些特殊的句法特征：在小句中存在著主謂關(guān)系；小句中可以有三種類型的主語，即，實義詞NP，虛主語PRO，和語跡t；小句中缺乏標句詞，它的中心語I是隱性的，帶虛格。接下來，本文探討了不同類型小句的生成過程：例外授格結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞小句，名詞小句，動詞小句和介詞小句；動賓補結(jié)構(gòu)中的動結(jié)小句和描述小句；提升結(jié)構(gòu)和存在結(jié)構(gòu)中的小句。根據(jù)動詞主語內(nèi)部生成假設(shè)和題元理論，本篇論文認為小句的主語生成于XP的標志語位置，以獲得其題元角色，然后在格檢驗的驅(qū)動下，進行移位。
[Abstract]:Since Chomsky and Stowell put forward the concept of clause in 1981, many linguists at home and abroad have paid close attention to the study of clause as a special linguistic category. Linguists have never come up with a uniform and satisfactory explanation. This paper studies clause, a controversial syntactic category in linguistics, and attempts to redefine the concept and status of English clauses and Chinese clauses within the framework of the minimalist scheme. At the same time, it tries to provide a reasonable explanation for the generation of English clauses and Chinese clauses. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the current situation, progress and achievements of the research of Chinese and English clauses, in order to make a comprehensive and systematic investigation and study on the problem of clause generation. In this paper, the X order theory, the problem element theory, the case theory / VP internal subject hypothesis theory, and the VP shell theory are used in the framework of the minimalist scheme. In short, the clause is a sentence component. The corresponding sentence structure is NPX, XP. in this paper, X can belong to any category of nouns, adjectives, prepositions and verbs. Among them, XP analysis and PrP analysis are more representative, and AgrP analysis, SC analysis, TP analysis and IP analysis. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the above analysis, and then based on the IP analysis of Aarts and Culicover, the paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the above analysis, then based on the IP analysis of Aarts and Culicover. It is considered that the clause is a maximum projection centered on the implicit and tortuous word I. In addition, we can give case structure, verb-object complement structure in English and Chinese. There are some special syntactic features of clauses: there are subject-predicate relations in clauses, and there can be three types of subjects in clauses. There is a lack of markers in clauses, and its central word I is recessive, with virtual case. Next, this paper discusses the formation process of different types of clauses: adjective clauses, noun clauses in exceptional case structures, Verb clauses and prepositional clauses; verb-junction clauses and descriptive clauses in verb-object complement structures; clauses in lifting structures and existential structures. This paper holds that the subject of clause is generated from the position of marker in XP to obtain its role of question and then shift under the drive of case test.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H314;H146

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本文編號：1663665