本文選題：《型世言》　切入點(diǎn)：同素逆序詞　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以明末話本小說《型世言》中的同素逆序詞為研究對(duì)象,認(rèn)為所謂同素逆序詞,即語素相同而排列次序顛倒互逆的一類詞�！巴亍笔侵笜�(gòu)詞語素相同。呂叔湘先生曾經(jīng)指出,“一個(gè)語素可以有幾個(gè)意思,只要這幾個(gè)意思聯(lián)得上,仍然是一個(gè)語素”,為我們判別語素的異同提供了借鑒；“逆序”主要是指語素與語素之間排列次序顛倒互逆,不包括語素內(nèi)部次序的顛倒。而“詞”則排除了短語、單純?cè)~,實(shí)指合成詞。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),《型世言》中共有87組AB-BA式同素逆序詞及63個(gè)BA式同素逆序詞。這兩大類同素逆序詞都是雙音節(jié)形式,都以動(dòng)詞、名詞為主,并且大多是并列式結(jié)構(gòu)。 從意義、用法的角度看,87組AB-BA式同素逆序詞中意義用法完全相同的共有42組,約占48.3%。意義用法同中有異的共有40組,約占44.9%,其中意義相同、用法同中有異的有10組,用法相同、意義同中有異的有14組,其余16組則在意義、用法方面都既有相同之處,又有不同之處。此外,另有五組AB—BA式同素逆序詞則意義或用法完全不同。 從歷時(shí)的角度看,由于語音、意義等語言內(nèi)部因素與外部社會(huì)因素的綜合作用,87組AB-BA式同素逆序詞在現(xiàn)代漢語中的存亡狀況可分為兩序并存、一存-亡和兩序并亡三種類型�？傮w來看,這87組174個(gè)詞語在現(xiàn)代漢語中保存的多,消亡的少,共105個(gè)詞流傳至今,且意義用法與現(xiàn)代漢語相比基本變化不大。 另外,對(duì)于《型世言》中的63個(gè)BA式同素逆序詞,我們也從意義、用法的角度將其與現(xiàn)代漢語中相應(yīng)的詞語進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,分為與現(xiàn)代漢語完全相同、同中有異、完全不同三種類型�！缎褪姥浴分邪霐�(shù)左右的BA式同素逆序詞與現(xiàn)代漢語中相應(yīng)的詞語意義用法完全相同。 文章最后對(duì)《型世言》中的一些三音節(jié)、四音節(jié)詞語的同素逆序現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了討論,并注意到有些同素逆序詞在語音上呈現(xiàn)出或雙聲或疊韻、或旁轉(zhuǎn)或?qū)D(zhuǎn)的特點(diǎn),認(rèn)為這種讀音上輾轉(zhuǎn)聯(lián)綿的特點(diǎn)為兩個(gè)語素組合成詞時(shí)順序的顛倒互逆提供了便利。此外,文章還指出,結(jié)合同素逆序詞的整個(gè)歷史使用過程來看,大多數(shù)同素逆序詞在意義上都是同中有異、相互融合的。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the author takes the word of the inverse order of the same element in the novel of the late Ming Dynasty as the research object, and thinks that the so-called word of the reverse order of the same element is called "the word of the same element". That is, a class of words whose morphemes are the same and whose order is reversed and inverse. "the same morpheme" refers to the same morpheme of the word formation. Mr. Lv Shuxiang once pointed out, "A morpheme can have several meanings, as long as these meanings are combined," It is still a morpheme ", which provides a reference for us to judge the similarities and differences of morpheme." inverse order "mainly refers to the reverse order between morpheme and morpheme, not including the reversal of internal order of morpheme, while" word "excludes phrases and simple words. According to statistics, there are 87 groups of AB-BA type and 63 BA type converse words. Both of them are disyllabic, mainly verbs and nouns, and most of them are juxtaposition structures. From the point of view of meaning and usage, there are 42 groups in which the meaning of the AB-BA type is exactly the same, accounting for 48.3%. There are 40 groups (44.9%) of the same meaning and usage, among which 10 groups have the same meaning, and 10 groups have different usage. There are 14 groups with the same usage, 14 groups with the same meaning, and the other 16 groups with the same meaning and different usages. In addition, there are five groups of AB-BA word with the same morpheme in reverse order which have different meanings or usage. From a diachronic point of view, due to the combined effects of internal and external social factors, such as pronunciation, meaning, etc., the existence and death of 87 groups of AB-BA homonyms in modern Chinese can be divided into two orders. As a whole, these 87 groups of 174 words are preserved more and die out less in modern Chinese. A total of 105 words have been passed down to this day, and the usage of meaning has not changed much compared with modern Chinese. In addition, we also compare the 63 BA word with corresponding words in modern Chinese from the point of view of meaning and usage, and divide them into the same word with modern Chinese, the same and different from the modern Chinese. There are three different types. About half of the BA word with the same morpheme order is exactly the same as the corresponding word meaning in modern Chinese. At the end of this paper, the phenomenon of three syllables and four syllable words in reverse order is discussed, and it is noted that some of them have the characteristics of double sound or repetition rhyme, side turn or opposite turn in pronunciation. It is considered that the characteristics of tossing and turning on the pronunciation of two morphemes make it convenient to reverse and reverse the order when two morphemes are combined into words. In addition, the paper also points out that the whole history of the use of the word with the same morpheme in inverse order can be seen from the point of view of the whole history. Most of the inverse word of the same morpheme is different in meaning and intermingled with each other.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H134

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