本文選題：繁峙方言　切入點：人稱代詞　出處：《山西師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本論文以山西繁峙縣方言的代詞為研究對象,試圖較為全面、系統(tǒng)地描寫分析繁峙方言代詞的使用情況,并且歸納出繁峙方言代詞的特點。同時運(yùn)用靜態(tài)平面描寫的方法,把繁峙方言代詞和普通話做了對比,以此推動繁峙乃至山西方言代詞的研究,進(jìn)而為整個漢語方言代詞的研究提供晉語方言點的研究成果。 本論文分五個部分,包括引言、繁峙方言人稱代詞、繁峙方言指示代詞、繁峙方言疑問代詞和結(jié)語。 第一章“引言”。介紹了繁峙的地理概況、歷史沿革和方言概況,簡要描述了繁峙方言的聲韻調(diào)系統(tǒng),詳細(xì)綜述了漢語方言及山西方言代詞研究現(xiàn)狀,簡述了本文的目的及意義,介紹了本文的研究方法,說明了本文的語料來源及發(fā)音合作人的情況,并對文章體例進(jìn)行了說明。 第二章“繁峙方言人稱代詞”。詳細(xì)描述了繁峙方言人稱代詞的不同用法。繁峙方言人稱代詞包括三身代詞和非三身代詞。三身代詞又有單復(fù)數(shù)的差別以及三身代詞的活用。人稱代詞的單數(shù)形式分別有“我”、“你[ni]”和“他[thA]”,他們都可以做主語、定語和賓語,做定語時,只修飾具體名詞,需要帶結(jié)構(gòu)助詞“的”。復(fù)數(shù)形式有“喃”、“你[nie]”、“他[tha?]”、“喃們”、“你[nie]們”、“他[thA]們”,其中“喃”、“你[nie]”和“他[tha?]”并沒有借助于復(fù)數(shù)詞尾“們”,而是用單個的人稱代詞表示復(fù)數(shù),“喃們”、“你[nie]們”和“他[thA]們”是借助詞尾“們”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形式,“他們”是第三人稱代詞復(fù)數(shù)的一般形式和一般用法,“喃們”和“你[nie]們”作為復(fù)數(shù),字面意思是單數(shù),但實際用來增強(qiáng)語氣和增長說話人的氣勢,帶有一定的感情色彩。人稱代詞的特殊用法可以表虛指、任指和轉(zhuǎn)換,也可以和名詞連用表同指,還可以用在指示代詞和疑問代詞前,組合在一起充當(dāng)句子成分。非三身代詞分為共稱代詞“咱”同位指稱“爾”、自稱代詞和別稱代詞�！霸邸笔前犜捜嗽趦�(nèi)的一個人稱代詞,他除了一般用法以外,還和人稱代詞以及親屬名詞組成詞組,用以加強(qiáng)語氣,組合以后的“咱”,更加虛化�！盃枴奔瓤蓡为毷褂�,用于指代說話人和聽話人的第三方,也可和人稱代詞或名詞組合使用,組成同位結(jié)構(gòu),充當(dāng)主語,表達(dá)一定的感情色彩。自稱代詞有“各人兒”、“一個兒”和“一個獨兒”,還有一個相當(dāng)于反身代詞的復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)方式是“人稱代詞(復(fù)數(shù))+數(shù)詞+個兒”。別稱代詞有“旁人”,相當(dāng)于普通話的“別人” 第三章“繁峙方言指示代詞”。繁峙方言的指示代詞和普通話一樣,主要有表近指的“這”和表遠(yuǎn)指的“那”,這兩個詞相互對應(yīng)。和普通話不同的是繁峙話的指示代詞用在不同的語句中讀音會隨之變化,分別有三種讀音,為“這[(?)]”和“那[ne]”、“這[(?)]”和“那[n(?)]”“這[(?)A(?)]”和“那[nA?]”。這一部分詳細(xì)描述了繁峙方言指示代詞的表現(xiàn)形式和各種用法,分別可以用來指示人和事物、指示處所、指示時間、指示方式、指示性狀、指示程度和指示數(shù)量。指示人或事物的指示代詞有三種形式,后接名詞或直接當(dāng)主語,讀作“這[(?)]”和“那[n(?)]”后接數(shù)量詞,讀作“這[(?)]”和“那[ne]”；虛化用以增強(qiáng)語氣時,則單用讀作“這[(?)A(?)]”和“那[nA?]”。指示處所的有讀作“這[(?)]”和“那[n(?)]”的“這里”、“那里”、“這地兒”和“那地兒”,還有讀作“這[(?)]”和“那[ne]”的“這面”、“那面”、“這廂”、“那廂”、“這圪節(jié)兒”和“那圪節(jié)兒”。指示時間的有既可以表時段,也可以表時點的“這會兒”和“那會兒”,“這”和“那”讀作“這[(?)]”和“那[n(?)]”,也有只表時段的“這毛”、“那毛”、“這些時”、“那些時”、“這二年”、“那二年”和“那日兒”,“這”和“那”讀作“這[(?)]”和“那[ne]”。指示方式的指示代詞有“這□[h(?)]”和“那□[h(?)]”,還有“這么個(兒)”和“那么個(兒)”,用來指示行為的方式方法,這里的“這”和“那”讀作“這[(?)]”和“那[n(?)]”。指示性狀的指示代詞有“這種”和“那種”,“這”和“那”讀作“這[(?)]”和“那[ne]”,另外“這么”和“那么”也可以指示性狀,讀作“這[(?)]”和“那[n(?)]”。指示程度的指示代詞有“這么”和“那么”,一般用來表示程度深,而不用來表示程度淺,這里的“這”和“那”讀作“這[(?)]”和“那[n(?)]”。指示數(shù)量的指示代詞有“這么點兒”和“那么點兒”用來指示數(shù)量之小,“這么些(些)”和“那么些(些)”則用來指示數(shù)量之多,指示數(shù)量時,“這”和“那”分別讀作“這[(?)]”和“那[n(?)]” 第四章“繁峙方言疑問代詞”。詳細(xì)描述了繁峙話疑問代詞的形式和用法。繁峙話的疑問代詞有疑問和非疑問兩種用法。用作疑問的繁峙方言疑問代詞有詢問人、詢問事物、詢問處所、詢問時間、詢問原因方式、詢問性狀、詢問數(shù)量七種情況。詢問人的疑問代詞有單數(shù)形式的“誰”和復(fù)數(shù)形式的“誰們”。詢問事物的疑問代詞有“啥”,啥既可以單用,也可以修飾表人和表事物的名詞性詞組。詢問處所的疑問代詞有“啥地方”、“哪”、“哪了”、“哪地兒”、“哪圪節(jié)兒”和“哪面”,前三個疑問代詞適用范圍較廣,可以指任意的地方,“哪地兒”和“哪圪節(jié)兒”所指的范圍較窄,一般指問話者所指的范圍中的一個點或一小段地方,“哪面”則一般用于詢問方位。詢問時間的疑問代詞中,“啥時候”和“多會兒”用法一樣,“幾點”詢問時點,具體的時分秒,“幾時”詢問距說話時間較遠(yuǎn)的時間,“多長時間”用于詢問一段時間。詢問原因方式的疑問代詞有“為啥”、“因為啥”和“咋”。詢問性狀的疑問代詞有“啥□[h(?)]的”“啥的”和“啥樣兒(的)”。詢問數(shù)量的疑問代詞有“多少”和“幾”,“幾”多用來詢問十以內(nèi)的整數(shù)。繁峙方言疑問代詞的非疑問用法有用于虛指、任指、反問、否定四種。 第五章“結(jié)語”�？偨Y(jié)了本文考察和分析的主要內(nèi)容和主要結(jié)論,明確指出繁峙方言代詞的特點，，并指出了今后繁峙方言代詞研究中尚待解決的問題。
[Abstract]:This paper takes Shanxi County of Fanshi dialect pronouns as the research object, trying to be more comprehensive, systematic descriptive analysis of the use of Fanshi dialect pronouns, and summed up the characteristics of Fanshi dialect pronouns. And with the method of static description, then compare the Fanshi dialect pronouns and common words, in order to promote the study of Fanshi and Shanxi dialect pronouns the research results so as to provide the research point of the Jin dialect pronoun of Chinese dialects.
This thesis is divided into five parts, including the introduction, the pronoun of Fanshi dialect, the demonstrative pronoun of Fanshi dialect, the interrogative pronoun of Fanshi dialect and the conclusion.
The first chapter is "Introduction". This paper introduces Fanshi's geography, history and general situation of dialect, a brief description of the phonetic system of Fanshi dialect, a detailed review of the Chinese dialect and Shanxi dialect pronoun research situation, introduces the purpose and significance of this paper, introduces the research method of this thesis, explains the source corpus and pronunciation the people of the situation, and the style are described.
The second chapter is "personal pronouns in Fanshi dialect". A detailed description of the different usage of personal pronouns in Fanshi dialect. Fanshi dialect pronouns including three pronouns and non three pronouns. Use three pronouns and plural difference and three personal pronouns. The singular pronouns are "I", "you [ni]" and "he [thA]", they can be used as subject, attribute and object, attributive, modify specific nouns, need to bring the structure auxiliary word "de". The plural form of "you", "you [nie]", "he [tha?]", "you", "you [nie]". "He [thA]", which "you", "you [nie]" and "[tha" he? "And without the use of plural suffix" men ", but with a single personal pronoun plural," you "," you [nie] "and" he [thA] "is the composite form of suffix men" the constitution, "they" Is the general form and general usage of third person plural pronoun, "Nan" and "you [nie]" as a plural, literal meaning is singular, but to enhance the speaker's tone and growth momentum, with a certain degree of emotional. Special usage of personal pronouns can form virtual refers to any means and conversion, can also be the same table and nouns that can also be used in demonstrative pronouns and interrogative pronouns, together as parts of the sentence. The three personal pronouns divided into the pronoun "I" in "Er", referential pronoun and nickname pronoun. "I" is a pronoun including the hearer, he in addition to the general usage, and personal pronouns and noun phrases with relatives, to strengthen the tone, after the combination of "Zan", more virtual. "Er" can be used alone, is used to refer to the speaker and the hearer of the third party, and people can also be A pronoun or noun combination, composed of appositive structure, as a subject, express a certain emotion. "Each person pronoun", "one" and "one child", and the equivalent of a reflexive pronoun plural expression is "personal pronouns (plural) + number + height" "others" nickname. Pronouns, Mandarin equivalent of "other people"
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