本文選題：連詞　切入點：“X而”　出處：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：漢語中,“而”作為連詞主要用在它所連接的前后項之間,但現(xiàn)代漢語中的“從而、繼而”等“X而”類詞和“而后、而況”等“而X”類詞中的“而”已不再起連接作用,只是作為雙音節(jié)詞的一個構(gòu)成要素,且與其前或后的構(gòu)詞要素“X”之間的關(guān)系也與現(xiàn)代漢語的構(gòu)詞法不一致,這兩類詞是漢語發(fā)展過程中跨層結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯化的結(jié)果。 “而后、繼而”是現(xiàn)代漢語中表示承接關(guān)系的兩個連詞�！岸蟆苯�(jīng)歷了如下的詞匯化過程：連動結(jié)構(gòu)“VP1+而+后”→連動結(jié)構(gòu)“[先/前+NP1]+而+[后+NP2]”→“而+后+VP”；并且從先秦起“而·后+主謂短語”結(jié)構(gòu)不斷演變,“而”與“后”逐漸凝固,在兩漢時期演化為連詞“而后”�！袄^而”的演化路徑大致如下：連動結(jié)構(gòu)“繼N而VP2”→代詞回指的跨層結(jié)構(gòu)“繼之/此+而+VP2”→賓語空位的“繼·而+VP2”,“繼”和“而”線性相鄰共現(xiàn),在宋代“繼而”凝固成詞,用于連接前后語句。轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“然而”的形成與漢語發(fā)展過程中“然+而+VP1(者)+VP2也”、“然+而+VP”、“然·而+主謂短語”、“雖/X則X矣……然而”等四種結(jié)構(gòu)的運用密切相關(guān)。因果關(guān)系連詞“從而、因而”中“從而”經(jīng)歷了如下的詞匯化過程：跨層結(jié)構(gòu)“從N而VP：”→賓語脫落的“從·而+VP2”,至唐宋時期“從而”初步凝固成詞并一直延續(xù)至元明清時期；“因而”則經(jīng)歷了如下的發(fā)展過程：連動結(jié)構(gòu)“因N而VP2”→代詞回指的跨層結(jié)構(gòu)“因之/此+而+VP2”→賓語空位的“因·而+VP2”,在這樣的語言環(huán)境中,“因”和“而”線性相鄰共現(xiàn)至兩漢時期凝固成詞。的連詞“而況、進(jìn)而”在現(xiàn)代漢語中主要表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。通過考察,漢語史上“而況”主要與語氣詞“乎”配合構(gòu)成“而況……乎”結(jié)構(gòu),內(nèi)部關(guān)系是“而+況……乎”,其后“而況”逐漸擺脫與之配合的語氣詞,單獨起語法作用,經(jīng)過重新分析,在魏晉南北朝時期,“而況”逐漸固化,到唐代完成該詞的詞匯化過程�！斑M(jìn)而”的形成則源于先秦時期的跨層結(jié)構(gòu)“進(jìn)+而”,隨著“進(jìn)”詞義的演變,“進(jìn)+而”在明清時期凝固成副詞“進(jìn)而”,進(jìn)一步演變?yōu)檫B詞則發(fā)生在近現(xiàn)代時期。 “X而”和“而X”類連詞的演變過程及成詞時間各異,但都源于跨層結(jié)構(gòu)的詞匯化。“而”與“X”的緊鄰共現(xiàn)、重新分析、漢語詞的雙音化趨勢以及“X而”和“而X”的出現(xiàn)位置等是連詞“X而”和“而X”詞匯化的主要動因。
[Abstract]:In Chinese, "and" as a conjunction is mainly used between the items before and after it is connected, but in modern Chinese, "so, then" and so on "X" and "then," and "condition" and "X" no longer play a connecting role. As a constituent element of dicyllabic words, the relationship between X and its former or subsequent word-formation elements is also inconsistent with modern Chinese word-formation. These two kinds of words are the result of cross-layer structure lexicalization in the process of Chinese development. "then, then" is two conjunctions in modern Chinese that denote the relationship of undertaking. "Huihe" has gone through the following lexicalization process: the conjunctive structure "VP1 but later" 鈫扖ontiguous structure "[first / front NP1] and [later NP2]" 鈫扐nd from the pre-Qin period "and the post-subject-predicate phrase" "structure constantly evolving," and "after" solidified gradually, in the Han Dynasty into the conjunctions "then". The evolution path of "then" is as follows: continuous structure "followed by N and VP2" 鈫扵he anaphora of the pronoun refers to the cross-layer structure "followed by / this VP2" 鈫扵he "succession 路and VP2", "succession" and "linear contiguous co-occurrence" of the empty object in the Song Dynasty were then solidified into words. Used of sentences before and after linking. The formation of the turning conjunction "however" and the use of four structures in the process of Chinese development, such as "natural and VP1 VP2", "natural and VP", "ran 路but subject-predicate phrase", "although / X is X", "however", etc. Closely related... Causal conjunctions "thus, Thus, the "middle" thus goes through the following lexicalization process: the cross-layer structure "from N to VP:" 鈫扵he "from 路and VP2" to the Tang and Song dynasties "so that" the initial solidification into words and continued to the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, "thus" went through the following development process: continuous structure "because of N and VP2" 鈫扵he anaphora of the pronoun "VP2" 鈫捍n such a linguistic environment, "cause" and "because" and "linear conjunctions co-occur" to solidify the conjunctions of words during the Han Dynasty, and then "in modern Chinese, it mainly means progressive relations." In the history of Chinese language, the relationship between the motif and the motif is mainly related to the construction of the motif and the structure, the internal relation is the structure of the motif and the internal relation is the relationship between the motif and the motif, and the latter gradually gets rid of the motif and plays a grammatical role, and after reanalysis, In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, the "situation" gradually solidified, By the Tang Dynasty, the lexicalization of the word was completed. The formation of "further" originated from the cross-layer structure of the pre-Qin period. With the evolution of the meaning of "Jin", the word "Jin" solidified into an adverb "further" in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Turning into conjunctions took place in modern times. The evolution and time of formation of "X" and "X" conjunctions are different, but they all come from the lexicalization of cross-layer structure. The disyllabic tendency of Chinese words and the position of "X" and "X" are the main reasons for the lexicalization of conjunctions "X" and "X".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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