發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-18 19:49

  本文選題：名詞性領(lǐng)屬結(jié)構(gòu)　切入點(diǎn)：英漢對(duì)比　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：領(lǐng)屬范疇，歷來(lái)是語(yǔ)言學(xué)者頗為關(guān)注的語(yǔ)法形式之一。“領(lǐng)屬”之所以受到學(xué)者們的關(guān)注，不僅因?yàn)樗鳛橐环N普遍的方式存在于人類社會(huì)生活和語(yǔ)言中，更因?yàn)樗谌魏握Z(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)中，既具有自身獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)又對(duì)其他語(yǔ)法形式產(chǎn)生深刻影響。 既然領(lǐng)屬結(jié)構(gòu)在每種語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)中都存在，那么它們之間是否存在一定的關(guān)聯(lián)性？如果存在，這些關(guān)聯(lián)性則是我們了解和學(xué)習(xí)其他語(yǔ)言的橋梁。本文在對(duì)前人研究資料進(jìn)行梳理的同時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)諸多從事領(lǐng)屬結(jié)構(gòu)研究的學(xué)者都認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的領(lǐng)屬結(jié)構(gòu)之間存在一定的對(duì)應(yīng)性，但是又不完全對(duì)等。然而，仍有一些問(wèn)題尚未得到具體闡釋，如：英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的領(lǐng)屬結(jié)構(gòu)之間的對(duì)應(yīng)性表現(xiàn)在哪，又有哪些方面不完全對(duì)等？于是本文分別從語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)用三個(gè)大的方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的對(duì)比分析，希望能夠從中找出它們之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性，并通過(guò)這種關(guān)聯(lián)性分析兩種語(yǔ)言在名詞性領(lǐng)屬結(jié)構(gòu)方面的個(gè)性，以期對(duì)第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)、教學(xué)以及漢外翻譯提供參考。 首先，我們介紹了英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的名詞性領(lǐng)屬結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種表現(xiàn)形式，即“N1’S+N2”、“N2+of+N1”、“N1+的+N2”，和一種比較特殊的形式，即“N1+N2”。我們分別從它們的構(gòu)成成分和語(yǔ)序兩個(gè)大的方面入手，分析了兩者的共性和個(gè)性。 其次，我們?cè)诜治錾鲜鰩追N表現(xiàn)形式的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系只是它們所表達(dá)的關(guān)系中的一種，因此有必要提出相應(yīng)的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文綜合了前人的相關(guān)研究提出了以下四個(gè)判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，它們分別是：指稱標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、“的”字標(biāo)記標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、句式變換方法以及用“什么”（what kindof）和“誰(shuí)”（whose）提問(wèn)的方法。雖然有的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在一定的局限性，但是通過(guò)上述四種方法，，還是能夠比較準(zhǔn)確的判定出一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是否是領(lǐng)屬結(jié)構(gòu)。 再次，在研究中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的領(lǐng)屬結(jié)構(gòu)都存在歧義現(xiàn)象，本文對(duì)此做了分析，并對(duì)兩種語(yǔ)言在消除歧義時(shí)使用的手段進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。 第四，我們對(duì)新聞報(bào)紙和不同時(shí)期的經(jīng)典名著進(jìn)行了數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，考察了名詞性領(lǐng)屬結(jié)構(gòu)的使用情況。對(duì)英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的名詞性領(lǐng)屬結(jié)構(gòu)的篇章分布情況進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者在數(shù)量和篇章分布上都有所區(qū)別。 最后，本文對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)生和在華留學(xué)生分別進(jìn)行了問(wèn)卷調(diào)查，在調(diào)查中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)和留學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，在名詞性領(lǐng)屬結(jié)構(gòu)上會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種問(wèn)題，比如：中國(guó)學(xué)生在翻譯“受害者的勇氣”時(shí)，更傾向于使用“the courage of victim”這種形式；留學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的時(shí)候經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)“我的爸爸的警服”這樣“的”字累贅的錯(cuò)誤，這都是因?yàn)閷?duì)英漢名詞性領(lǐng)屬結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)識(shí)不深造成的。這兩份調(diào)查問(wèn)卷反映的問(wèn)題，也進(jìn)一步表明本文的研究是非常有實(shí)用價(jià)值的。
[Abstract]:The category of leading genus has always been one of the grammatical forms that linguists have paid close attention to. It is not only because it exists as a universal way in human social life and language, but also because it has attracted the attention of scholars. Moreover, it has its own unique characteristics and profound influence on other grammatical forms in any language grammar system. Since the subordinate structure exists in the grammatical system of each language, is there a certain correlation between them? If they exist, they are a bridge for us to understand and learn other languages. It is found that many scholars engaged in the study of the genus structure in English and Chinese believe that there is a certain correspondence between the structure of the genus in English and Chinese, but it is not completely equivalent. However, there are still some problems that have not yet been specifically explained. For example, where is the correspondence between the English and Chinese subordinate structures, and what aspects are not completely equivalent? Therefore, this paper makes a detailed comparative analysis from three major aspects of grammar, semantics and pragmatics, hoping to find out the relevance between them, and to analyze the personality of the two languages in the nominally subordinate structure through this kind of correlation. In order to provide reference for second language learning, teaching and translation. First of all, we introduce several forms of nominal genus structure in English and Chinese, namely, "N1SN2", "N2 of N1", "N1 of N2", and a relatively special form, "N1 N2". We start with their composition and word order, respectively. The commonness and individuality of both are analyzed. Secondly, when we analyze the above several forms of expression, we find that the collar relationship is only one of the relationships they express. Therefore, it is necessary to put forward the corresponding criteria. This paper synthesizes the previous studies and puts forward the following four criteria: the reference standard, "the" word mark standard, The method of sentence transformation and the method of asking questions by "what" what kindof) and "who" whose.Although there are some limitations in some standards, the above four methods can be used to determine accurately whether a structure is a subordinate structure or not. Thirdly, we find that there is ambiguity in the subordinate structure of English and Chinese. This paper makes an analysis of this phenomenon and compares the means used by the two languages in the process of disambiguation. In 4th, we conducted statistics on newspapers and classic masterpieces of different periods, examined the use of nominal generic structures, and investigated the textual distribution of nominal generic structures in English and Chinese. It is found that both of them are different in quantity and text distribution. Finally, this paper makes a questionnaire survey on Chinese students and foreign students in China. In the survey, we find that when Chinese students learn English and foreign students learn Chinese, there will be various problems in the nominally subordinate structure. For example, Chinese students tend to use the form of "the courage of victim" when translating "victim's courage"; when studying Chinese, foreign students often make cumbersome mistakes in the word "my father's police uniform". This is due to the lack of understanding of English and Chinese nominal generic structures. The problems reflected in these two questionnaires further show that the study in this paper is of great practical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H195.3;H319.3

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