本文選題：寒暄語(yǔ)　切入點(diǎn)：順應(yīng)論　出處：《中南民族大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“寒暄語(yǔ)”指的是人們交際過(guò)程之中不為尋求信息交換或者意見(jiàn),而是為了建立、維持交際者之間和諧恰當(dāng)?shù)娜穗H關(guān)系而使用的交際用語(yǔ)。盡管其交際的實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容和信息極少，但是這對(duì)維系人們的正常日常交往起著不可或缺的作用。 這一概念由波蘭裔英籍人類學(xué)家Malinowski首次提出，命名為phaticcommunion。隨后，許多學(xué)者以此為基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)這一概念又進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的深入研究。這些研究包括功能語(yǔ)言學(xué)、語(yǔ)用學(xué)、話語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)、跨文化交際學(xué)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域，并取得了豐富的成果。雖然前人有從語(yǔ)用學(xué)角度對(duì)寒暄語(yǔ)進(jìn)行研究，但是以順應(yīng)論為基礎(chǔ)的研究甚少。因此為了進(jìn)一步豐富語(yǔ)言學(xué)的研究，為了進(jìn)一步豐富語(yǔ)言學(xué)的研究，本文嘗試著從語(yǔ)用學(xué)角度，以Verschueren(1999)的語(yǔ)用綜觀順應(yīng)論為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)料的定性研究，對(duì)漢語(yǔ)寒暄語(yǔ)進(jìn)行綜合分析，旨在更清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)“寒暄語(yǔ)”，探究其產(chǎn)生的根源，為更好地使用“寒暄語(yǔ)”提供理論指導(dǎo)。 Verschueren認(rèn)為，語(yǔ)言具有三大基本特征：變異性、商討性和順應(yīng)性。其中，作為核心環(huán)節(jié)的順應(yīng)性又主要有四個(gè)維度，即語(yǔ)境關(guān)系順應(yīng)、語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)順應(yīng)、動(dòng)態(tài)順應(yīng)以及順應(yīng)過(guò)程的意識(shí)程度。這四點(diǎn)作為有機(jī)整體的四個(gè)方面相互聯(lián)系、相互依存。在語(yǔ)境順應(yīng)中，“語(yǔ)境”作為語(yǔ)言交際的客觀環(huán)境，包括影響語(yǔ)言選擇的一切因素。語(yǔ)境順應(yīng)對(duì)象可以分為三類：社交世界，心理世界以及物理世界。Verschueren指出，語(yǔ)言的使用過(guò)程實(shí)質(zhì)上就是語(yǔ)言選擇的過(guò)程，且這種選擇不是固定不變的，而是動(dòng)態(tài)多變的。交際者在實(shí)際交際時(shí)，語(yǔ)言選擇并不是自由無(wú)序的。語(yǔ)言使用者在做出語(yǔ)言選擇時(shí)需要不時(shí)的順應(yīng)語(yǔ)境三因素。 寒暄語(yǔ)作為日常交際的必要部分，在實(shí)際交際中也是一種語(yǔ)言的動(dòng)態(tài)選擇過(guò)程，時(shí)刻受到語(yǔ)境順應(yīng)的這三個(gè)因素的影響。在交際過(guò)程中，說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)言選擇都會(huì)有意識(shí)或無(wú)意識(shí)地做出順應(yīng)以滿足交際需要，達(dá)到交際目的，完成交際任務(wù)。實(shí)際交際中的寒暄語(yǔ)應(yīng)該順應(yīng)哪些因素以及在交際過(guò)程中如何順應(yīng)這些因素？ 根據(jù)Verschueren的順應(yīng)論，語(yǔ)境順應(yīng)包括交際語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)境。而交際順應(yīng)是語(yǔ)言選擇時(shí)的主要順應(yīng)因素。寒暄語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言選擇主要是為了交際語(yǔ)境的順應(yīng)，即對(duì)社交世界、心理世界、物理世界三個(gè)因素的順應(yīng)。寒暄語(yǔ)首先是對(duì)交際世界的順應(yīng)。交際世界也就是客觀交際社會(huì)所包含的社會(huì)規(guī)約，，如交際者之間的社會(huì)地位、社會(huì)關(guān)系、距離、年齡差異等。在交際過(guò)程中交際者都會(huì)有意識(shí)或者無(wú)意識(shí)的受到這些因素的影響。如對(duì)社會(huì)關(guān)系疏遠(yuǎn)的交際對(duì)象會(huì)選擇更為正式的寒暄語(yǔ)，反之亦然。其次是交際雙方的心理世界，如交際者的心理需求、安全需求、歸屬和愛(ài)的需求、尊重需求等。交際者會(huì)根據(jù)交際對(duì)象的需求而選擇不同寒暄語(yǔ)料。最后一個(gè)因素為物理世界，即時(shí)間以及交際距離對(duì)語(yǔ)言選擇的影響。人們?cè)诤褧r(shí)，根據(jù)客觀距離自覺(jué)地調(diào)整聲音大小，根據(jù)時(shí)間段的不同，自覺(jué)地選擇不同的語(yǔ)言，如，早上會(huì)說(shuō)“早上好”，晚上時(shí)則用“晚上好”等等。交際者就是通過(guò)順應(yīng)以上三個(gè)語(yǔ)境因素，實(shí)現(xiàn)交際目的。
[Abstract]:"Greetings" refers to people's communication not for exchange of information or opinions, but in order to establish a harmonious interpersonal relationship, properly maintained between communicators and the use of language. Although the substance and information communication is few, but it depends on people's normal daily communication plays an indispensable role.
This concept was first proposed by the Poland born British anthropologist named phaticcommunion. Malinowski, subsequently, many scholars on the basis of this concept has been further studied. These studies include functional linguistics, pragmatics, discourse linguistics, a cross-cultural communication, and achieved rich results although the previous study. Greetings from the perspective of pragmatics, but in order to adapt to the research based on the theory of little. So in order to further enrich the study of linguistics, in order to further enrich the study of linguistics, this paper attempts from the angle of pragmatics, with Verschueren (1999) of the pragmatic adaptation theory, qualitative research the corpus of Chinese greetings, comprehensive analysis, in order to more clearly understand the "greeting", to explore its causes, provide the theory for the better use of the "cold Xuan language" Guidance.
Verschueren believes that language has three basic characteristics: variability, negotiability and adaptability. Among them, as a core part of the compliance and there are four main dimensions, namely context adaptation, language structure adaptation and salience of adaptation and adaptation process. The four as the four aspects of the organic whole interaction and depend on each other. In the context adaptation, "context" as the objective environment of language communication, including all the factors to the choice of language. Context adaptation object can be divided into three categories: social world, mental world and physical world.Verschueren pointed out that the process of using the language is essentially a language selection process, and this choice is not fixed the same, but dynamic. The communicator in the actual communication, language choice is not free. The disordered language users need to adapt when making linguistic choices Three factors of context.
Greetings as a necessary part of daily communication, dynamic process in real communication is also a kind of language, by the time of the three influence factors of contextual adaptation. In the process of communication, the speaker of the language will consciously or unconsciously adapt to meet the needs of communication and achieve the communicative purpose, communicative the actual communication tasks. The greetings should conform to what factors in the process of communication and how to adapt to these factors?
According to Verschueren's adaptation theory, contextual adaptation including communicative context and linguistic context and communicative adaptation is the main choice of adaptation to the linguistic factors. The choice of language greetings is the adaptation to the communicative context, namely the psychological world, social world, physical world three factors of adaptation. First is the adaptation to the communicative greetings the rest of the world. The world is the objective social conventions communication contains between social communication, such as the communicator's social status, social relations, distance, etc. the differences in age. Participants will be consciously or unconsciously the influence of these factors in the process of communication. As to the social relations alienation will choose a communication object formal greetings, and vice versa. Second is the communication of both sides of the psychological world, such as the communicators' psychological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs. Participants according to communication The object of the demand and the choice of different communicative corpus. The final factor is the physical world, effect of time and communication distance on the choice of language. People in communication, according to the objective distance consciously adjust the sound size, according to the time difference, consciously choose a different language, such as the morning, say "good morning" during the night, with "good night" and so on. The communication is through to the above three contextual factors, achieve the purpose of communication.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H136

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