本文選題：類型學　切入點：現(xiàn)代漢語形容詞　出處：《中國社會科學院研究生院》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：類型學的研究者在討論形容詞是否為人類語言的共性時，常常將現(xiàn)代漢語拿來作為反對“形容詞是人類語言共有的詞類”這一論斷的證據(jù)，這是由于在許多論著中漢語形容詞被當作動詞的一個次類。在漢語學界，雖然形容詞這一術(shù)語得到了廣泛的認可和使用，但同時也常常強調(diào)漢語形容詞能夠做謂語，形成形—動合流的觀點。如此一來，漢語的形容詞就難以取得獨立的詞類地位，，從而與動詞完全區(qū)別開來。現(xiàn)有的文獻常常只考察漢語形容詞中承載屬性概念的那部分成員，并只討論這部分成員在定語位置和謂語位置上的情形。這種做法顯然受到了以拉丁文文法和英語文法為藍本的語法體系的影響。漢語中，承載狀態(tài)概念的詞匯也被納入了形容詞，對這部分成員的理解將影響形容詞詞類地位的判斷。在語言學中，雖然人們常常強調(diào)應當將構(gòu)詞法與句法區(qū)別開來，但是詞的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)將會牽涉漢語形容詞可能實現(xiàn)的句法位置，從而影響人們對于句法的判斷。在詞類界定的原則上有兩種觀點，一為共性論，一為個性論，雖然本文堅持個性論的指導原則，并討論詞類劃分的相關(guān)理論，以及在這些理論的框架中對漢語形容詞的詞類地位及其相關(guān)問題的看法。本文認為漢語中應當設立一個獨立的形容詞詞類，漢語形容詞雖然可以進入謂語位置，并且不像名詞那樣需要與系詞“是”共現(xiàn)，但是在句法行為上仍然可以與動詞區(qū)別開來。
[Abstract]:In discussing whether adjectives are common to human languages, typologists often use modern Chinese as evidence against the assertion that adjectives are common parts of speech in human languages. This is because Chinese adjectives are regarded as a subclass of verbs in many works. Although the term adjective is widely accepted and used in Chinese circles, it is often emphasized that Chinese adjectives can be used as predicates. In this way, it is difficult for adjectives in Chinese to obtain independent position of part of speech, which is completely different from verbs. The existing literature often only looks at the members of the concept of bearing attribute of adjectives in Chinese. And discuss only the case of this group of members in attributive and predicate positions. This approach is obviously influenced by the grammatical system based on Latin grammar and English grammar. Words that carry the concept of state are also included in adjectives, and the understanding of this group of members will affect the judgment of the position of adjectives in parts of speech. In linguistics, although it is often emphasized that word-formation should be distinguished from syntax, However, the internal structure of words will involve the possible syntactic position of Chinese adjectives, thus affecting people's judgment of syntax. There are two views on the principle of defining parts of speech, one is generalism, the other is individualism. Although this article adheres to the guiding principle of personality theory and discusses the relevant theories of the division of parts of speech, As well as the views on the position of Chinese adjectives in parts of speech and their related problems in the framework of these theories. This paper holds that an independent adjective category should be established in Chinese, although Chinese adjectives can enter the predicate position, And unlike nouns, they need to be coexisting with the word "yes", but can still be distinguished from verbs in syntactic behavior.
【學位授予單位】：中國社會科學院研究生院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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