本文選題：英漢中動(dòng)句　切入點(diǎn)：語言類型學(xué)　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中動(dòng)句就是“以主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義的句式”。然而盡管它在各語言中的表達(dá)形式不盡相同,這樣的句式卻普遍存在于人類語言中,對(duì)它的研究也從未曾間斷。前人已經(jīng)從傳統(tǒng)語法、生成語法和認(rèn)知語法的角度對(duì)英漢中動(dòng)句進(jìn)行了較為細(xì)致的研究。然而,盡管這樣的研究取得了很大的成功,它們卻較多的集中在對(duì)單個(gè)語言中動(dòng)句的研究或英漢中種動(dòng)句的對(duì)比上而甚少涉及語言類型學(xué)。當(dāng)代語言類型學(xué),作為語言研究中的一研究路子或理論框架,試圖通過跨語言的比較來揭示人類語言的共性。 本文旨在探究英漢中動(dòng)句成分共現(xiàn)蘊(yùn)涵共性和語法等級(jí)。首先,本研究將在語言類型學(xué)的指導(dǎo)下,對(duì)英漢中動(dòng)句做出研究,發(fā)掘英漢中動(dòng)句的類型特征。而后,本文將從原型理論和圖形-背景理論出發(fā)為這樣的類型特征提供認(rèn)知上的分析。研究方法上,本文將采取定量與定性分析相結(jié)合,以及語料庫數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法對(duì)中動(dòng)句進(jìn)行跨語言的分析。本文的樣本語料庫共涵蓋SVO、SOV、VSO語言共計(jì)66種：SVO型語言共計(jì)30種,主要為英語、漢語、德語、法語及少數(shù)民族語言,其中英語語料的2669個(gè)中動(dòng)句來自825971個(gè)句子,漢語語料的2215個(gè)中動(dòng)句來自154521個(gè)句子；SOV型語言共計(jì)33種,主要為藏語、達(dá)斡爾語、景頗語等少數(shù)民族語言；VSO語言3種,為阿眉斯語、布嫩語和排灣語。 基于對(duì)以上例舉語料的分析、統(tǒng)計(jì),本文將從以下三個(gè)方面來闡明英漢中動(dòng)句的類型特征。第一,對(duì)成分共現(xiàn)蘊(yùn)涵共性的考察。在特定的語言中,中動(dòng)主語與修飾語之間存在一定的共現(xiàn)關(guān)系,某些特定類型的主語如P可以與所有類型的修飾語共現(xiàn),而某些特定類型的主語如M卻不能不某一類型的修飾語如C共現(xiàn)。第二,對(duì)中動(dòng)句主語語法等級(jí)的考察。在實(shí)際的語言使用中,中動(dòng)句動(dòng)詞的施事是不出現(xiàn)在句法層面的,因而,對(duì)中動(dòng)句主語語法等級(jí)的考察將在施事空缺的條件下進(jìn)行�？疾彀l(fā)現(xiàn),英語中動(dòng)句主語的語法等級(jí)為：P＞T＞L＞M,漢語中動(dòng)句主語的語法等級(jí)為：P＞L＞T＞M＞TS。第三,對(duì)中動(dòng)句修飾語語法等級(jí)的考察�？疾彀l(fā)現(xiàn),英語中動(dòng)句修飾語的語法等級(jí)為：E＞W(wǎng)＞C＞D。漢語中動(dòng)句修飾語的語法等級(jí)為：E＞W(wǎng)＞PM＞C。 語言作為人類表達(dá)自我、實(shí)現(xiàn)交流的方式,與人類的認(rèn)知之間存在著十分密切的關(guān)系,因而,對(duì)很多語言現(xiàn)象的解釋在一定程度上必須借助人類的認(rèn)知思維。中動(dòng)句作為人類語言表達(dá)的一種方式,在認(rèn)知上也必將有其存在理據(jù),因此,本文將在原型范疇理論和圖形-背景理論的指導(dǎo)下來對(duì)英漢中動(dòng)句的類型特征做出一定的闡釋。對(duì)英漢中動(dòng)句類型特征的研究有助于語言學(xué)習(xí)者和使用者更好的了解中動(dòng)句的特點(diǎn),也在一定程度上為雙語教學(xué)、對(duì)外語言教學(xué)、二語習(xí)得和英漢翻譯工作提供了理論和實(shí)踐上的支持,從而更好地方便語言教學(xué)、促進(jìn)語言教學(xué)的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步
[Abstract]:A middle verb is a sentence that expresses passive meaning in an active form. However, although it is expressed in different forms in different languages, it is widely used in human languages. The research on it has never stopped. Predecessors have made a more detailed study of English and Chinese verb sentences from the perspectives of traditional grammar, generative grammar and cognitive grammar. However, despite the great success of such studies, However, they mainly focus on the study of the verb sentences in a single language or on the comparison between English and Chinese verb sentences, and seldom involve the typology of language. Contemporary linguistic typology, as a research approach or theoretical framework in language studies, This paper attempts to reveal the commonness of human language through cross-linguistic comparison. The purpose of this study is to explore the generality and grammatical hierarchy of Chinese and English verb elements. Firstly, under the guidance of linguistic typology, this study will explore the typological characteristics of English and Chinese verb sentences. In this paper, the prototype theory and the graphic-background theory will be used to provide cognitive analysis for such type characteristics. In terms of research methods, this paper will adopt the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. The sample corpus of this paper covers a total of 66 kinds of SVO type languages, including English, Chinese, German, French and minority languages. Among them, 2,669 middle verb sentences in English corpus come from 825971 sentences, and 2215 middle verb sentences in Chinese corpus come from 154521 sentences / SOV-type languages, which are mainly Tibetan, Daur, Jingpo and other minority languages. Bunen and Paiwan. Based on the analysis and statistics of the above examples, this paper will illustrate the typological characteristics of Chinese and English verb sentences from the following three aspects. There is a certain co-occurrence relationship between the subject and modifier. Some specific types of subjects such as P can co-appear with all types of modifiers, while some specific types of subjects such as M cannot but one type of modifier such as C co-appear. In the actual language use, the agent of the verb in the middle verb does not appear at the syntactic level, therefore, the examination of the grammatical level of the subject of the middle verb will be carried out under the condition of the absence of the agent. The grammatical level of the subject in English is: P > T > L > M, and the grammatical level of the subject in Chinese is: P > L > T > M > TS. third, the grammatical level of modifier of middle verb is investigated. The grammatical level of the modifiers in English is: e > W > C > D. the grammatical level of modifiers in Chinese is:: e > W > PM > C. As a way for human beings to express themselves and communicate, language has a very close relationship with human cognition. To some extent, the explanation of many linguistic phenomena must be based on human cognitive thinking. As a way of expressing human language, middle verb sentence must have its own cognitive basis. Under the guidance of archetypal category theory and graphic-background theory, this paper will explain the typological characteristics of Chinese and English verb sentences. The study of the type characteristics of English and Chinese verb sentences will be helpful to the learners and users of English and Chinese. Understand the characteristics of middle sentences, To some extent, it also provides theoretical and practical support for bilingual teaching, foreign language teaching, second language acquisition and English-Chinese translation, thus facilitating language teaching and promoting the development and progress of language teaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H146;H314

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