本文選題：人際關(guān)系　切入點(diǎn)：隱喻　出處：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)修辭觀把隱喻僅看作一種辭格,作為修辭研究范圍,本質(zhì)上被認(rèn)為是裝飾性的,對其進(jìn)行的研究也局限于修辭和文學(xué)方面。傳統(tǒng)的修辭時期的主要理論有對比論,替代論和互動論,這些理論都把隱喻看成一種修辭現(xiàn)象,是詞語之間的替代,是增加語言表達(dá)能力的可有可無的工具。然而,隨著認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的興起和發(fā)展,隱喻不僅被看作一種辭格更被認(rèn)為是一種重要的認(rèn)知工具,是一種思維方式。萊考夫和約翰遜認(rèn)為隱喻普遍存在于人們的日常生活之中,不僅存在于語言中而且也存在于人的思維和行動中,我們賴以進(jìn)行思考和行為的日常概念系統(tǒng)在本質(zhì)上是隱喻性的。隱喻的本質(zhì)就是通過另一類事物來理解和經(jīng)歷某一類事物。 人際關(guān)系通常指人們在生產(chǎn)、生活過程中建立的一種人與人之間的社會關(guān)系。也被稱為人際交往,包括親屬關(guān)系、朋友關(guān)系、學(xué)友(同學(xué))關(guān)系、師生關(guān)系、雇擁關(guān)系、戰(zhàn)友關(guān)系、同事及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)關(guān)系等。人們通常用“好”,“壞”,“一般”來形容人際關(guān)系,然而人際關(guān)系是一個相對抽象的概念,事實(shí)上如果不用隱喻很難準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)人際關(guān)系這一概念。為了更準(zhǔn)確生動地描述“人際關(guān)系”這一概念.人們通常自覺或不自覺地使用較為具體的事物來使其具體化,范疇化及概念化,既隱喻化。關(guān)于“人際關(guān)系”的語言表達(dá)形式無窮無盡,但卻源自為數(shù)不多的基本概念隱喻。 本文從認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的角度對英漢兩種語言中的人際關(guān)系隱喻進(jìn)行對比研究,進(jìn)而從英漢兩種文化的角度來支持隱喻的現(xiàn)代認(rèn)知理論。在概念隱喻的基礎(chǔ)上本文對人際關(guān)系隱喻進(jìn)行了英漢兩種語言跨文化研究,目的是發(fā)現(xiàn)隱喻與語言及文化模式的關(guān)系。通過對大量中英數(shù)據(jù)的分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)中英文化中存在很多相同的概念隱喻,如：人際關(guān)系是建筑,人際關(guān)系是植物,人際關(guān)系是天氣等。之所以存在相同的隱喻是因?yàn)槿祟愑兄餐纳眢w體驗(yàn)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)。與此同時,中英文化中也存在著不同的人際關(guān)系隱喻,如：英語中人際關(guān)系是契約,漢語中人際關(guān)系是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品等,這是因?yàn)橹杏⑽幕写嬖诓煌奈幕?jīng)歷及文化模式,隱喻反映了特定語言社團(tuán)的文化積累。此外,生產(chǎn)方式、宗教信仰的不同,經(jīng)濟(jì)模式及地理方面的差異,以及哲學(xué)思想的不同也是隱喻產(chǎn)生差異的重要原因。 對中英文“人際關(guān)系”的隱喻進(jìn)行對比研究可以為隱喻研究提供新的視角,有助于我們進(jìn)一步了解隱喻與文化及思維的關(guān)系。此外,正確理解和恰當(dāng)使用人際關(guān)系隱喻也有利于提高跨文化交際能力。
[Abstract]:The traditional rhetoric view only regards metaphor as a rhetorical figure. As the scope of rhetoric research, it is considered to be decorative in nature, and its research is limited to rhetoric and literature. The main theories of the traditional rhetoric period are contrastive. Substitution theory and interaction theory all regard metaphor as a rhetorical phenomenon, as a substitute between words and expressions, as an indispensable tool to increase the ability of language expression. However, with the rise and development of cognitive linguistics, Metaphor is regarded not only as a rhetorical tool but also as an important cognitive tool and a mode of thinking. Lakoff and Johnson believe that metaphor is common in people's daily life. Not only in language but also in human thought and action, the daily conceptual system by which we think and act is metaphorical in nature. The essence of metaphor is to understand and experience a certain kind of thing through another kind of thing. Interpersonal relationship usually refers to a kind of social relationship between people in the process of production and life. It is also called interpersonal relationship, including family relationship, friend relationship, learning friend relationship, teacher-student relationship, hiring relationship. People usually use "good", "bad", "average" to describe interpersonal relationships, but interpersonal relationships are a relatively abstract concept. In fact, it is difficult to express the concept of interpersonal relationship accurately without metaphor. In order to describe the concept of "interpersonal relationship" more accurately and vividly, people often consciously or unconsciously use more specific things to concretize it. Categorization and conceptualization are metaphorical. The linguistic expressions of interpersonal relationships are endless, but they are derived from a few basic conceptual metaphors. This paper makes a contrastive study of interpersonal metaphor in English and Chinese from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Then it supports the modern cognitive theory of metaphor from the perspective of English and Chinese cultures. On the basis of conceptual metaphor, this paper makes a cross-cultural study of interpersonal metaphor in English and Chinese. The purpose is to find out the relationship between metaphor and language and cultural patterns. Through the analysis of a large number of Chinese and English data, we find that there are many common conceptual metaphors in Chinese and English culture, such as: interpersonal relationships are architecture, interpersonal relationships are plants. Interpersonal relationships are weather and so on. The same metaphor exists because human beings have common body experience and life experience. At the same time, there are different interpersonal metaphors in Chinese and British culture, such as: interpersonal relationship is contract in English. Interpersonal relationships in Chinese are agricultural products, which is due to the existence of different cultural experiences and cultural patterns in Chinese and English cultures. Metaphor reflects the cultural accumulation of specific linguistic communities. Differences in economic patterns and geography, as well as in philosophical ideas, are also important reasons for the differences in metaphor. A comparative study of metaphors in Chinese and English "interpersonal relationships" can provide a new perspective for metaphor research and help us understand the relationship between metaphor and culture and thinking. The correct understanding and proper use of interpersonal metaphor are also beneficial to the improvement of intercultural communicative competence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H15;H315

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本文編號：1609603