本文選題：誰知道　切入點：性質(zhì)　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：表示“不料、沒想到”之意的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系詞語“誰知道”是現(xiàn)代漢語中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)和使用的詞語之一。通過對大量例句的分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)“誰知道”不僅能夠表示單純的“出乎意料”的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，還能夠表達豐富多樣的語義內(nèi)容和主觀情感。 前人對于“誰知道”的研究，表現(xiàn)在性質(zhì)和功能兩個方面。在“誰知道”性質(zhì)的界定上，學(xué)界出現(xiàn)分歧，有的將其歸為短語，有的視為短語詞；在“誰知道”的功能上，前人的研究方向主要體現(xiàn)在對“誰知道”四個語義在共時平面的對比研究和歷時平面的發(fā)展過程研究，以及少量的從話語標(biāo)記角度進行的研究。專門針對表示“不料、沒想到”這層意義的“誰知道”在共時平面的表現(xiàn)形式、語義、語用等方面的系統(tǒng)研究卻很少，這就為我們提供了充分的研究空間。 本文力圖運用三個平面、篇章語言學(xué)等理論，在語篇的背景之下，對“誰知道”的性質(zhì)、表現(xiàn)形式、語義和語用等方面進行深入的研究和分析。 本文一共分為五部分： 緒論部分首先提出本文的選題目的和意義，然后介紹關(guān)于“誰知道”及相關(guān)理論如轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系詞語、篇章連接成分等的研究現(xiàn)狀，最后說明本文所使用的研究理論和方法以及語料來源。 第一章主要分析“誰知道”的性質(zhì)。首先總結(jié)前人的觀點，指出其中存在的分歧，然后對這幾個分歧進行分析。我們分別從短語詞、連詞與副詞的區(qū)別以及關(guān)聯(lián)詞語與插入語的區(qū)別這幾個角度來探討，最終得出結(jié)論：“誰知道”是一個表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞性的短語詞。 第二章主要分析“誰知道”的表現(xiàn)形式。我們從“誰知道”銜接的語言單位和它的銜接方式兩個方面來進行闡述�！罢l知道”可以銜接分句組成復(fù)句、銜接句子組成句群以及銜接段落組成篇章。它既可以在語篇中單獨使用，也可以與其他相關(guān)詞語共同出現(xiàn)。在單獨使用時，它既可以連接具有對立性和背逆性的前后語段，又可以放在沒有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的語段之間，來體現(xiàn)“意外、吃驚”的主觀化的情感態(tài)度�！罢l知道”能夠與“可、竟、居然、反而、忽然、一"剛……就”等詞語共現(xiàn)。 第三章主要分析“誰知道”的語義模式。首先分析“誰知道”在語篇中的四種主要的語義結(jié)構(gòu)模式，包括其完整形式和減縮形式兩方面。其次對“誰知道”的后項在語義特征和感情色彩上進行探討，得出其語義特征可以表現(xiàn)為[+轉(zhuǎn)折]、[+意外]、[-可控]三種。 第四章主要分析“誰知道”的語用功能�！罢l知道”的語用功能主要有四個，，分別是：指明預(yù)設(shè)的功能，突出焦點的功能，體現(xiàn)話題的轉(zhuǎn)換或延續(xù)的功能以及特定的預(yù)示功能�！罢l知道”語用功能的出現(xiàn)，正是基于其表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的語義內(nèi)涵。由于“誰知道”的前后項在語義上的相反對立，使得我們可以在內(nèi)容和主觀情感上做出推斷，明確整個語段的語義重心所在，進而實現(xiàn)主題上的統(tǒng)一。
[Abstract]:"who knows" is one of the most common words in modern Chinese. We find that "who knows" can not only represent a simple "unexpected" turning point, but also express a variety of semantic content and subjective feelings. The former research on "who knows" is manifested in two aspects: nature and function. There are differences in the definition of "who knows" nature, some of them are classified as phrases, others are regarded as phrasal words, and in the function of "who knows", there are differences in the definition of the nature of "who knows". The previous research directions are mainly reflected in the comparative study of the four semantics of "who knows" in the synchronic plane and the study of the development process of the diachronic plane, as well as a few studies from the perspective of discourse markers. To my surprise, "who knows" in this sense has little systematic research on the form of expression, semantics, pragmatics and so on in the synchronic plane, which provides us with sufficient research space. Based on the theories of three planes, textual linguistics and so on, this paper tries to make an in-depth study and analysis of the nature, expression, semantics and pragmatics of "who knows" under the background of discourse. This paper is divided into five parts:. The introduction part first puts forward the purpose and significance of this paper, and then introduces the research status of "who knows" and related theories, such as the words of turning relation, the text connective elements, etc. Finally, the research theory and method used in this paper and the source of the corpus are explained. The first chapter mainly analyzes the nature of "who knows". Firstly, the author summarizes the previous views, points out the differences, and then analyzes these differences. The differences between conjunctions and adverbs and the differences between associative words and inserts are discussed. Finally, it is concluded that "who knows" is a conjunctive phrasal word with a turning relationship. The second chapter mainly analyzes the expression form of "who knows". We expound from two aspects: "who knows" the language unit of cohesion and its cohesive mode. "who knows" can make up complex sentence of cohesive clause. Cohesive sentences form sentence groups and cohesive paragraphs make up texts. It can be used either alone or in conjunction with other related words. "who knows" can be with "can, unexpectedly, unexpectedly, but, on the contrary, suddenly, a" strong. "and so on. The third chapter mainly analyzes the semantic patterns of "who knows", first of all, it analyzes the four main semantic structural patterns of "who know" in the discourse. It includes two aspects: complete form and reduction form. Secondly, the semantic features of "who knows" in semantic features and emotional colors are discussed, and it is concluded that the semantic features can be shown as "turning point", [unexpected], [-controllable]. Chapter 4th mainly analyzes the pragmatic functions of "who knows". There are four main pragmatic functions of "who know", namely, the function of pointing out the presupposition and the function of highlighting the focus. The appearance of the pragmatic function of "who knows" is based on the semantic connotation of the transition relation. Because of the opposite semantic opposition between the items before and after "who knows", So that we can infer the content and subjective emotion, clarify the semantic focus of the whole segment, and then realize the unity of the subject.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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