中美領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人校園演講中概念隱喻的批評性對比研究
本文選題:政治演講 切入點(diǎn):概念隱喻 出處:《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:隱喻一直是各國學(xué)者們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),,并日益成為認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的一個重要分支。隱喻研究已有兩千多年的歷史。從亞里士多德的“對比說”到理查德的“互動理論”是傳統(tǒng)的隱喻研究階段,把隱喻僅看作是一種純粹的修辭手段。以萊考夫?yàn)榇淼恼Z言學(xué)家提出的認(rèn)知隱喻理論,使隱喻研究有了全新的突破,自此隱喻不再單純地只是一種語言形式,更重要的是一種思維方式和認(rèn)知手段。政治語言不僅僅表達(dá)了思想意義,更體現(xiàn)了人的權(quán)力意志,受到了越來越多的學(xué)者關(guān)注。近年來,隨著認(rèn)知隱喻學(xué)的發(fā)展,學(xué)者們試圖采用隱喻的理論來分析政治語言,但是政治演講作為政治語言的有效表達(dá)途徑之一,其中的概念隱喻的對比研究卻并不多見。 政治演講帶有濃厚的政治色彩,成功的演講不僅能激發(fā)群眾熱情,并能獲得聽眾的支持,因此政治演講便成為了政治家們達(dá)到其政治目的的有效工具。但因政治語言非常抽象,又十分枯燥,為了能被聽眾更好的理解與接受,政治家們便采用概念隱喻這一有力的語言工具。在前人的研究成果上,本文將以概念隱喻理論為基礎(chǔ),采用批評性隱喻分析方法,并基于相關(guān)語料進(jìn)行中美政治概念隱喻的對比分析。試圖找出其相似點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn),并分析其原因以及概念隱喻在中美政治演講中的功能。 本文的語料為美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬與中國國家主席胡錦濤對大學(xué)生所做的演講,在研究過程中,定量分析和定性分析都有所應(yīng)用。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在中美政治演講中均存在著大量的政治隱喻,證明了概念隱喻的普遍性。中美領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人政治演講中的概念隱喻主要包括:建筑隱喻、家庭隱喻、宗教隱喻、戰(zhàn)爭隱喻、圍棋隱喻、旅途隱喻、圓圈隱喻、植物隱喻等。其中,植物隱喻,建筑隱喻和家庭隱喻均存在于中美兩種語言中,而始源域相同,目標(biāo)域不同的概念隱喻是旅途隱喻和戰(zhàn)爭隱喻,此外,圍棋隱喻和圓圈隱喻是中國所特有的,宗教隱喻是美國特有的。隱喻表達(dá)的相同之處源于人類相似的認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)和生活體驗(yàn),不同之處源于兩國歷史、宗教、意識形態(tài)、風(fēng)俗傳統(tǒng)的取向不同。并且,隱喻在政治演講中存在著五種功能,而勸諫是其主要功能。 本文采用新興的批評性隱喻進(jìn)行分析,它是批評性話語分析的新方法,即綜合運(yùn)用語料庫分析、認(rèn)知語言學(xué)、對比語言學(xué)、語用學(xué)等方法對概念隱喻進(jìn)行分析,以此揭示話語群體的信仰、態(tài)度和感情以及其意識形態(tài)和修辭基礎(chǔ)。其研究結(jié)果有助于中美政治和文化的深層次研究,為政治語篇的翻譯提供重要的參考價值;在外語教學(xué)中,有助于學(xué)生對語言的全面掌握和了解;在語言研究層面上,本文是隱喻研究新方法的一種嘗試,然而本文只是初步探索,研究過程中還存在著許多缺點(diǎn),作者期待在不久的將來能夠?qū)Ω拍铍[喻,以及批評性隱喻進(jìn)行更深層次的研究。
[Abstract]:Metaphor has been the focus of scholars all over the world. Metaphor has been studied for more than 2,000 years. From Aristotle's Contrastive Theory to Richard's Theory of interaction, it is a traditional stage of metaphor study. Metaphor is only regarded as a pure rhetorical device. The theory of cognitive metaphor put forward by Lakoff, a linguist, has made a new breakthrough in the study of metaphor. Since then, metaphor is no longer simply a form of language. More importantly, it is a way of thinking and cognitive means. Political language not only expresses the meaning of thought, but also embodies the will to power of human beings, and has been paid more and more attention by scholars. In recent years, with the development of cognitive metaphor, Scholars try to use the theory of metaphor to analyze political language, but political speech is one of the effective ways to express political language, but the contrastive study of conceptual metaphor is rare. Political speeches have a strong political color. Successful speeches can not only arouse the enthusiasm of the masses, but also win the support of the audience. So political speech becomes an effective tool for politicians to achieve their political ends. But because the political language is very abstract and boring, in order to be better understood and accepted by the audience, Politicians have adopted conceptual metaphor as a powerful language tool. On the basis of the previous research results, this paper will use critical metaphor analysis method based on conceptual metaphor theory. Based on the relevant corpus, this paper makes a contrastive analysis of Chinese and American political conceptual metaphors, and tries to find out their similarities and differences, and to analyze the reasons and the functions of conceptual metaphors in Sino-American political speeches. The corpus of this paper is the speeches made by US President Barack Obama and Chinese President Hu Jintao to college students. In the course of the research, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis have been applied. There are a large number of political metaphors in Chinese and American political speeches, which prove the universality of conceptual metaphors. The conceptual metaphors in political speeches of Chinese and American leaders mainly include: architectural metaphor, family metaphor, religious metaphor, war metaphor, go metaphor. Among them, plant metaphors, architectural metaphors and family metaphors exist in both Chinese and American languages, while the original domain is the same, and the conceptual metaphors of different target domains are journey metaphors and war metaphors. Go metaphors and circle metaphors are unique to China and religious metaphors are unique to the United States. The similarities of metaphors are derived from the similar cognitive systems and life experiences of human beings, while the differences arise from the history, religion, and ideology of the two countries. Moreover, metaphor has five functions in political speech, and persuasion is its main function. This paper analyzes conceptual metaphors by using new critical metaphor, which is a new method of critical discourse analysis, that is, the use of corpus analysis, cognitive linguistics, contrastive linguistics, pragmatics and other methods to analyze conceptual metaphors. In this way, the beliefs, attitudes and feelings of discourse groups, as well as their ideological and rhetorical bases, are revealed. The results of this study contribute to the in-depth study of politics and culture in China and the United States, and provide important reference values for the translation of political discourses in foreign language teaching. In the aspect of language research, this thesis is an attempt of a new approach to metaphor research. However, this paper is only a preliminary exploration, and there are still many shortcomings in the research process. The author looks forward to a deeper study of conceptual metaphors and critical metaphors in the near future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:H15;H315
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