本文關(guān)鍵詞： 《元刊雜劇三十種》 俗字 俗詞 俗語 版式　出處：《山西師范大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：《元刊雜劇三十種》是現(xiàn)存唯一的元刻雜劇刊本，不僅是研究元代戲劇的珍貴資料，同時也保留了非常豐富的元代語言資料。《元刊雜劇三十種》是典型的俗文學(xué)作品，主要表現(xiàn)在俗字、俗詞和俗語的大量使用。《元刊雜劇三十種》不僅在文本內(nèi)容上有特點，在版式上也獨具特色，是研究元代戲曲版式的最好樣本。 論文選擇《元刊雜劇三十種》作為研究對象，既關(guān)注其文本內(nèi)容，也關(guān)注其版式特點，試圖從內(nèi)容和形式兩個方面挖掘其在語言文字使用上、戲曲表演體制上表現(xiàn)出來的特點。論文主要從俗字、俗詞、俗語的使用方面挖掘其在戲曲文獻(xiàn)方面的價值；從對版式各要素的特點方面挖掘其在戲曲表演體制等方面的價值。全文除緒論和結(jié)語外，主要分四章論述。 緒論主要介紹了本文的研究對象、研究現(xiàn)狀、選題目的、研究價值等問題，同時還介紹了本文的研究思路和研究方法。 第一章是對《元刊雜劇三十種》的俗字研究。首先，將各本的俗字以影印的方式逐本摘錄出來，并做了簡要分析，指出每一本中俗字的分布情況及特點。然后總結(jié)《元刊雜劇三十種》中俗字的簡化類型，歸納出簡化規(guī)律。最后通過同敦煌俗字及《宋元以來俗字譜》中所錄宋代簡化俗字進行比較后認(rèn)為，《元刊雜劇三十種》中的俗字更具系統(tǒng)性和規(guī)律性。敦煌時代至宋代是簡俗字體系的準(zhǔn)備時期，而元代是簡俗字系統(tǒng)的形成時期。元代簡俗字在漢字史上的地位不容忽視。 第二章是對《元刊雜劇三十種》的俗詞研究。對元雜劇俗詞考釋的論著已相當(dāng)不少，但所引材料多為明刊元雜劇，《三十種》中不少俗詞在相關(guān)辭書中并沒有收錄。本文擇釋了一部分未曾被考釋過的俗詞，還有一些至今仍活躍在包括山西方言在內(nèi)的北方方言中的俗詞。在釋義時，以明萬歷臧氏刻本元人雜劇所提供的書證材料為依據(jù)，結(jié)合歷代口語文獻(xiàn)材料如筆記和白話小說等，同時結(jié)合現(xiàn)代活的方言口語材料加以印證，以獲得比較豐富的感性材料，取得釋義的完整性與準(zhǔn)確性。同時，，借助語料庫語料，追根溯源，盡可能找出每條詞的最早出處，以說明該詞的最早使用年代。文中所列舉的詞語，都逐一與《漢語大詞典》作了對照，并參照了《漢語方言大詞典》，目的是為《漢語大詞典》失收的詞語、漏略的義項、晚出的書證，提供或提前了書證。 第三章是對《元刊雜劇三十種》的俗語研究。元刊雜劇語言通俗，主要原因之一就是使用了大量通俗易懂的俗語。《三十種》一書共有十余萬字，其中的俗語數(shù)量不少，但在以往的研究中多被忽視。論文先概括了《三十種》俗語的特點：提示語豐富，結(jié)構(gòu)精煉，具有鮮明的時代性和雅俗的相對性。然后選解了若干條俗語。通過這種研究，說明開展《三十種》俗語研究的重要意義。同時也說明進行《三十種》的詞匯研究，目前還存在較大的研究空間，值得我們花大力氣去研究它。 第四章是對《元刊雜劇三十種》的版式研究�！对s劇三十種》戲曲刊本的版式是適應(yīng)元代雜劇的需要而產(chǎn)生的版面樣式。與傳統(tǒng)“版式”內(nèi)容不同，《三十種》的“版式”包含諸如首題、起始句、“凸”字敬正式、科、白、詞牌、曲詞、散場、折尾“下”、題目、正名、尾題這些要素。這些要素統(tǒng)一在“戲曲版式”的系統(tǒng)內(nèi)，又有著不同的屬性，分布在不同的層面，彼此間有著深刻的關(guān)系，成為我們深入研究元雜劇體制的重要依據(jù)。我們分析了《三十種》的“起始句”以及“科”的呈現(xiàn)方式，發(fā)現(xiàn)所有“科”都指向了正末，“科”是用來提示正末在何時做何事的。將刊本里所有的“科”排列起來，就形成了井然成序、環(huán)環(huán)相扣、以正末活動為主線的演出“秩序手冊”。而“凸”字敬正式的存在從刊刻形式上也突出說明了這一點。最后我們以俗字為參照，對《元刊雜劇三十種》的傳播流布軌跡作了一些思考，審視了平陽在元雜劇發(fā)展中的地位。 結(jié)語對全文進行了總結(jié)，并指出論文存在的不足和今后努力的方向。
[Abstract]:< thirty > Zaju is the only existing Yuan Dynasty carved version, not only is valuable for research on Yuan drama, while also retaining the very rich language data. Yuan Dynasty Zaju thirty > is typical of the popular literature works mainly in the folk characters, vulgar words and slang use of a large number of yuan. Thirty drama > has not only the characteristics of the text, the layout is also unique, is the best sample of Yuan Dynasty opera style.
The < Zaju thirty > as the research object, not only pays attention to the text content, pay attention to the layout features, attempts from the content and form of two mining in language use, features of the performing system of traditional opera. The main characters from the vulgar word, in the drama literature, mining the value of the use of slang; in the aspect of mining system from the value of the opera performance characteristics of the various elements of the format. Apart from introduction and conclusion, is divided into four chapters.
The introduction mainly introduces the research object, the research status, the purpose of the topic, the research value and so on. At the same time, it also introduces the research ideas and methods of this paper.
The first chapter is the research on the characters of Yuan drama < thirty >. First of all, the characters in this way by the photocopy of the extract, and briefly analyzed, pointed out the distribution and characteristics of each of the characters in the simplified type and then summarized. < Zaju thirty > character. Summed up the simplified rules. Finally, with the Dunhuang folk characters and "since the Song dynasty recorded the Song Dynasty folk characters in simplified characters spectrum comparison that >, < thirty > Zaju in the characters more systematic and regular. The Dunhuang times to the Song Dynasty is a simple folk font system preparation period, while the Yuan Dynasty is the period of formation Jane characters system. The status of Yuan Dynasty in the history of the characters in Jane Chinese characters can not be ignored.
The second chapter is the research on the vulgar word < Zaju thirty >. Zaju of the Yuan Dynasty vulgar words in the works has been quite a lot, but cited material for the Ming Dynasty Zaju of the Yuan Dynasty, < thirty > many vulgar words in dictionaries and not included in the relevant part of the release. The choice was not in the vulgar words, there are still active in the Shanxi dialect, the northern dialect of the vulgar word. In interpretation, documentary evidence in Ming Zang's edition of the Yuan Dynasty provided as the basis, combined with the oral literature materials such as notes and novels in the vernacular, combined with modern living dialect materials to confirm, to obtain more abundant perceptual materials, integrity and accuracy of interpretation made. At the same time, with the help of corpus, as the earliest sources as far as possible to identify each word, to explain the word first used in the words are listed in this paper, 閮介

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