發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-07 15:26

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 風(fēng) 隱喻 轉(zhuǎn)喻 認(rèn)知　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自上世紀(jì)八十年代，隨著Lakoff和Johnson《我們賴以生存的隱喻》一書的出版，對(duì)隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻的研究進(jìn)入了認(rèn)知這一新領(lǐng)域。書中提出隱喻不僅僅是一種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，更是一種對(duì)客觀世界范疇化的認(rèn)知機(jī)制，而這種機(jī)制基于人的身體經(jīng)驗(yàn)。與隱喻一樣，傳統(tǒng)理論把轉(zhuǎn)喻看做是重要的修辭方式之一。直到上世紀(jì)九十年代初，對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)喻的研究，才逐漸受到認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)家們的重視。Radden和Kovecses（1999）把轉(zhuǎn)喻定義為一種認(rèn)知現(xiàn)象，是在同一理想化認(rèn)知模型內(nèi)一概念實(shí)體向另一概念實(shí)體提供心理可及的認(rèn)知過(guò)程。從這個(gè)意義上講，轉(zhuǎn)喻擺脫了傳統(tǒng)理論中需具備指稱功能這一觀念的局限。 二十一世紀(jì)初期，國(guó)內(nèi)一些學(xué)者在轉(zhuǎn)喻和隱喻的理論引介及研究方面也做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)，如趙艷芳（2000）、束定芳（2000）、及李勇忠（2005）等。還有許多基于漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻方面的研究，大致可分為三種：一是從認(rèn)知角度對(duì)漢語(yǔ)中一些身體部位及漢字轉(zhuǎn)喻和隱喻的研究；二是漢語(yǔ)中某一字詞的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻間關(guān)系研究；三是，某一漢字的中英文對(duì)比研究。其中對(duì)漢字“風(fēng)”的研究有兩篇，都是從英、漢雙語(yǔ)對(duì)比角度進(jìn)行的，而且在兩篇文章中，作者或者忽視“風(fēng)”的轉(zhuǎn)喻映射，或者將其歸為隱喻映射。因此，本文旨在對(duì)以下兩個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究：第一，漢語(yǔ)中“風(fēng)”的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻有哪些？第二,漢語(yǔ)“風(fēng)”的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻的理?yè)?jù)是什么？ 本文通過(guò)量化與質(zhì)化相結(jié)合的方式，從認(rèn)知的角度對(duì)漢語(yǔ)中“風(fēng)”的隱喻和轉(zhuǎn)喻進(jìn)行研究。通過(guò)對(duì)北京大學(xué)中國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究中心的現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)中隨機(jī)抽取的500條含有漢字“風(fēng)”的樣本進(jìn)行分類研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)漢語(yǔ)中“風(fēng)”通過(guò)隱喻可以映射到“消息”、“音樂(lè)”、“風(fēng)氣”、“原因”和“良好舉止”等認(rèn)知域中；而通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)喻關(guān)系可投射到“聲音”、“疾病”、“春風(fēng)”和“秋風(fēng)”等認(rèn)知域中。 其中風(fēng)的轉(zhuǎn)喻遵循“具體優(yōu)于抽象”、“量多優(yōu)于量少”和“完型程度高優(yōu)于完型程度低”等認(rèn)知原則。這些原則也剛好驗(yàn)證了RaddenKovecses (1999)所提出的“決定轉(zhuǎn)喻中喻體優(yōu)先選擇性”的若干原則。分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，漢語(yǔ)中風(fēng)的隱喻形成主要基于我們對(duì)于自然界中風(fēng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，，并且有一些隱喻的形成同時(shí)還受本國(guó)文化因素的影響。 此外，本文通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)漢語(yǔ)中有些“風(fēng)”的隱喻具有轉(zhuǎn)喻基礎(chǔ)，例如：“消息是風(fēng)”、“改革力量是東風(fēng)”和“缺少食物是西風(fēng)”等隱喻。
[Abstract]:Since the last century in 80s, with the metaphor > the survival of our Lakoff and Johnson< a book published, research on metaphor and metonymy entered this new field of cognitive metaphor. In this book is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but a cognitive mechanism of the category of the objective world, and this mechanism based on people the experience of the body. Like metaphor, metonymy is regarded as one of the traditional theory of rhetoric important. Until the last century at the beginning of 90s, the study of metonymy, cognitive linguists have gradually attach importance to.Radden and Kovecses (1999) to Yu Dingyi as a cognitive phenomenon, is a cognitive model within a conceptual entity in the same provide an ideal psychological and cognitive process to another conceptual entity. In this sense, the need to get rid of metonymy have this idea that functional limitation of the traditional theory.
In early twenty-first Century, some domestic scholars in the introduction of theory and research of metonymy and metaphor has also made great contributions, such as Zhao Yanfang (2000), Shu Dingfang (2000), and Li Yongzhong (2005). There are many studies on metaphor and metonymy in Chinese language based on corpus, can be divided into three kinds: one is to study some parts of the body and Chinese characters of metonymy and metaphor in Chinese from the angle of cognition; the two is the study of the relationship between metaphor and metaphor in Chinese a word; three, in English a comparative study of the research on the Chinese characters. Chinese characters "wind" of the two articles, are from English Chinese bilingual comparison point of view, and in the two article, author or ignore the "metonymic mapping wind", or classified as metaphors. Therefore, this paper aims at the research on the following two questions: first, Chinese "metaphor and metonymy style" what article? Two, what are the reasons for the metaphor and metonymy of the Chinese "wind"?
In this paper, through the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, from the perspective of cognition of Chinese "wind" metaphor and metonymy are studied. Through random sampling of research center of Peking University Chinese linguistics in modern Chinese corpus containing 500 Chinese characters of "wind" samples classified research, found the Chinese "wind" by metaphor can be mapped to the "news", "music", "culture", "reason" and "good manners" and other cognitive domains; and through the metonymic relations onto the "sound", "disease", "spring" and "autumn" and other cognitive domains.
The wind follows "specific than abstract" metonymy ", much less than the" end "and a high degree of type is better than the end type low level" cognitive principles. These principles are just to verify RaddenKovecses (1999) proposed "some principles in Metonymy metaphor preference". Analysis shows that metaphor the formation of Chinese stroke for stroke based on the experience of our nature, and the formation of some metaphors also affected their cultural factors.
In addition, this study finds that some "wind" Metaphors in Chinese are metonymic, such as "news is wind", "reform power is easterly" and "lack of food is westerly".

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：H136

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本文編號(hào)：1494703