發(fā)布時間：2018-02-01 14:05

  本文關鍵詞： 大半 多半 共時比較 歷時演變　出處：《華中師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本文選取兩個存在諸多相似點的詞語——“大半/多半”進行“微觀的分析”。已有研究主要集中在二者詞性和意義等靜態(tài)分析上,且存在諸多分歧；很少甚至沒有涉及二者的共時比較和歷時演變。我們試圖運用詞匯化和語法化等理論,將定性分析與定量統(tǒng)計、語法形式考察與語法內容考察相結合,先從共時平面對“大半/多半”的語義、句法和語用進行全面細致的比較以得出異同,再從歷時角度對其演變進行細致梳理。 通過共時考察,我們發(fā)現：語義上,“大半/多半”均有四種意義,但“大半1/大半2/大半3”具有明顯強調意味,“多半1/多半2/多半3”則無,且“大半4”主觀估量值大于“多半4”、委婉性不如“多半4”；句法上,二者在位置分布、搭配和功能上均較為靈活,但在具體用法上也有所差異；語用上,二者在句類選擇上主要是陳述句、偶爾是疑問句和感嘆句、基本無祈使句,且在使用語體選擇上,“大半/多半”均可用于口語語體,但“多半4”相較“大半4”,更常用于口語語體。 通過歷時考察,我們發(fā)現：“大半/多半”均經歷了由義為“過半數”的數詞演化為義為“過半數、大部分”和“通常、多數情況是(這樣)”的范圍副詞并最終演化為表示“大概、很可能”的揣測句子語氣副詞的語法化過程,即由客觀計量義向客觀描述義再向主觀推測義轉變的過程：然而,發(fā)生時間上,除語氣副詞外,“大半”均早于“多半”；“大半”的數詞語義發(fā)生了泛化,“多半”則沒有；最初共現連用時,“大半”是數詞,“多半”則是臨時短語；“大半”語法化路徑有歧變,“多半”則是單一線性路徑,沒有歧變；相較于“大半”,“多半”沒有程度副詞用法階段。二者的語法化動因均包括句法位置改變、語義泛化、使用頻率的明顯提高、主觀化影響、隱喻機制作用和重新分析等；但相較于“大半”,“多半”的語法化認知動因還包括組塊心理作用和類推作用。
[Abstract]:In this paper, two words with many similarities, "half / half", are chosen to carry out "microscopic analysis". The previous studies mainly focus on the static analysis of their parts of speech and meaning, and there are many differences. There is little or no synchronic comparison and diachronic evolution between them. We try to combine qualitative analysis with quantitative statistics, grammatical form and grammatical content by using the theories of lexicalization and grammaticalization. First, the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic aspects of "half / half" are compared from the synchronic plane to obtain the similarities and differences, and then the evolution of it is carefully combed from a diachronic point of view. Through synchronic investigation, we find that "half / half" has four meanings in semantics, but "most 1 / 2 / 3" has obvious emphasis meaning, "most 1 / half 2 / half 3" has no meaning. The subjective value of "half 4" is larger than that of "most 4", and the euphemism is not as good as that of "most 4". Syntactically, they are flexible in location distribution, collocation and function, but they are also different in specific usage. Pragmatically, they are mainly declarative sentences, occasionally interrogative sentences and exclamatory sentences, basically no imperative sentences, and in the choice of style, "most / most" can be used in spoken style. But Dudu 4 is more often used in spoken language than half 4. Through the diachronic investigation, we find that most / most of the numerals have experienced the evolution from "more than half" to "more than half" and "most" and "usually". In most cases, the range adverb of "(so)" evolves into a conjecture of grammaticalization of a sentence mood adverb that indicates "probably, probably". That is, the process from objective measurement to objective description and then to subjective conjecture: however, in the time of occurrence, except for mood adverbs, "half" is earlier than "most"; Most of the numeral semantics of "most" have been generalized, "most" is not; At first, "half" was a numeral, and "most" was a temporary phrase. "most" grammaticalization path has the ambiguous change, "the majority" is the single linear path, does not have the ambiguous change; Compared with "half", "most" has no stage of use of adverbs of degree. The grammaticalization motivations of both include the change of syntactic position, the generalization of semantics, the obvious increase of frequency of use, and the influence of subjectivization. Metaphorical mechanism and reanalysis; But compared with "half", the cognitive motivation of grammaticalization also includes the mental function of block formation and the function of analogy.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：1482035