本文關(guān)鍵詞： 漢語被動構(gòu)式 典型句式結(jié)構(gòu) 衍生機(jī)制 語用功能　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代漢語被動構(gòu)式因其數(shù)量繁多、形式迥異一直受到語言學(xué)家的廣泛關(guān)注。“被”構(gòu)式,作為傳統(tǒng)的漢語被動表達(dá)方式,也同樣備受關(guān)注。隨著社會的發(fā)展,時(shí)代的推移,“被”構(gòu)式的結(jié)構(gòu)和語義都發(fā)生了一些變化。盡管衍生的漢語被動句偏離了漢語被動句的原型語義結(jié)構(gòu),但是仍然不能完全脫離原型語義結(jié)構(gòu)的壓制,因此本文嘗試結(jié)合具體實(shí)例對現(xiàn)代漢語被動構(gòu)式進(jìn)行深入分析,旨在揭示其衍生基礎(chǔ)、衍生規(guī)律以及語用功能。 現(xiàn)代漢語“被”構(gòu)式的衍生基礎(chǔ)為其典型句式結(jié)構(gòu)一“名詞短語2+被(+名詞短語1)+(及物)動詞”,以及其基本語義—“受事論元遭受影響”。在句法層面上,新型漢語被動句式以其典型句式結(jié)構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行了衍生：主語并不僅限定為直接受事論元,可以為直接受事的領(lǐng)有者、處所或者時(shí)間等其他論元角色；謂語并不只限定為及物動詞,可以為動賓結(jié)構(gòu)、不及物動詞、形容詞、名詞等其他謂語結(jié)構(gòu)；施事論元的顯現(xiàn)與否在不同句式中也有所不同。在語義層面上,漢語“被”構(gòu)式以其典型構(gòu)式義“影響-受影響”為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行了衍生：遭受影響的受事主語以轉(zhuǎn)喻的方式拓展為其他論元角色,實(shí)施影響的及物動詞謂語則以隱喻的方式拓展為其他謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。新型漢語“被”構(gòu)式在句法和語義層面的擴(kuò)展必然伴隨著語用意義的擴(kuò)展：繼續(xù)突顯對負(fù)影響的表達(dá),更加突出對非自愿意義以及虛假意義的表述,同時(shí)彰顯說話人的情感態(tài)度。 構(gòu)式是形式與意義的配對,那么每個(gè)句法形式則表示某種獨(dú)立的意義,而且不同的句法格式有不同的句式意義。因此,對形式迥異的現(xiàn)代漢語被動構(gòu)式進(jìn)行分析和研究可以使得漢語學(xué)習(xí)者能夠更深入透徹地了解種類繁多的漢語被動句結(jié)構(gòu)及其語用功能,同時(shí)也為其他相關(guān)研究提供一個(gè)新的思考。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese passive construction has been widely concerned by linguists because of its large number and different forms. As a traditional passive expression of Chinese, it is also concerned. With the development of society. Some changes have taken place in the structure and semantics of the "Bei" construction, although the derived Chinese passive sentence deviates from the prototype semantic structure of the Chinese passive sentence. However, we still can not get rid of the suppression of prototype semantic structure, so this paper attempts to analyze the passive construction of modern Chinese with concrete examples, in order to reveal its derived basis, derived laws and pragmatic functions. The derivation of the construction of "Bei" in modern Chinese is based on its typical sentence structure-"noun phrase 2" (noun phrase 1) (transitive) verb. At the syntactic level, the new Chinese passive sentence structure is derived from its typical sentence structure: the subject is not limited to the direct subject argument. May be the direct recipient, place or other argument role such as time; The predicate is not only a transitive verb, but also a verb-object structure, an intransitive verb, an adjective, a noun and other predicate structures. The representation of agent argument is different in different sentence patterns. Chinese "be" construction is derived from its typical construction meaning "influenced-affected": affected subject is extended to other argument roles by metonymy. The transitive verb predicates of implementation influence extend to other predicate structures in a metaphorical way. The expansion of the "be" construction of the new Chinese language at the syntactic and semantic levels is bound to be accompanied by the expansion of pragmatic meaning. Continue to highlight the expression of negative effects. The expression of involuntary meaning and false meaning is more prominent, and the emotional attitude of the speaker is also highlighted. Construction is the pairing of form and meaning, so each syntactic form represents a certain independent meaning, and different syntactic forms have different syntactic meanings. The analysis and research on the different forms of passive constructions in modern Chinese can enable Chinese learners to understand more deeply the various passive sentence structures and their pragmatic functions. At the same time, it also provides a new thinking for other related research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：1472765