本文關(guān)鍵詞： 漢語合成詞 構(gòu)詞法 語法 語義 語音　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：漢語的構(gòu)詞法問題在傳統(tǒng)訓(xùn)詁學(xué)里已零星提及,到了現(xiàn)代,其研究一般以1898年馬建忠的《馬氏文通》做為起點(diǎn),認(rèn)為他“提供了現(xiàn)代化的構(gòu)詞研究雛形”。繼《馬氏文通》之后,漢語合成詞的構(gòu)詞法問題逐漸受到漢語學(xué)界的關(guān)注和重視,相繼出現(xiàn)不少研究成果。但是諸家分類各有不同,表現(xiàn)為：構(gòu)詞類型的不同；名稱的不同；相同或相近的名類下所含的內(nèi)容不同；對于一些詞的歸類不同等。這些分歧在一定程度上反映出了學(xué)者研究角度各有側(cè)重：或重于句法,或重于語義,或重于語音。本論文即從語法、語義、語音三個角度切入,結(jié)合基于《漢語大詞典》整理而成的雙音合成詞語料,采用理論與實際相結(jié)合、定量與定性分析相結(jié)合、傳統(tǒng)漢語研究與西方現(xiàn)代理論相結(jié)合等方法,梳理了一百多年構(gòu)詞法研究的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)并加以分析。第一部分是語法角度,比照句法結(jié)構(gòu)研究漢語構(gòu)詞法的學(xué)者提出了偏正、動賓、并列、主謂、述補(bǔ)等各種分類。但是經(jīng)過語料分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)單純比附句法結(jié)構(gòu)來研究漢語雙音合成詞的結(jié)構(gòu),對人們真正了解一個雙音詞的幫助其實并不大。因為在形式和意義這一對范疇當(dāng)中,起決定因素的是意義,而非形式。第二部分是語義角度,對于漢語這種缺乏形式變化的語言,語義研究尤為重要。所以研究漢語合成詞構(gòu)詞法,要深入到詞語內(nèi)部去挖掘詞素與詞素之間的關(guān)系以及詞素義與詞義之間的關(guān)系,并結(jié)合造詞之初的詞義去剖析其結(jié)構(gòu),探索在一個復(fù)雜的語義結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化為一個固定的詞語形式這一過程中的關(guān)鍵因素。第三部分是語音角度,分音節(jié)、聲調(diào)、韻律三個部分介紹了漢語雙音合成詞的構(gòu)詞研究,這一部分是構(gòu)詞法研究的新視角,郭紹虞、馮勝利等人分別提出了“彈性說”和“韻律構(gòu)詞”等重要理論。總結(jié)分析,無論從語法、語義還是語音角度來研究漢語合成詞的構(gòu)詞法,都有其可取之處。王寧指出的漢語構(gòu)詞的“非句法性”,提倡從語義角度研究構(gòu)詞規(guī)律,并非否認(rèn)了從語法角度研究漢語構(gòu)詞的成果,相反,是要將二者結(jié)合起來,共同深化構(gòu)詞法理論,分立句法構(gòu)詞法系統(tǒng)和語義構(gòu)詞法系統(tǒng),不同角度的研究共存共用,會更貼近合成詞結(jié)構(gòu)狀況的實際。
[Abstract]:The problem of Chinese word-formation has been mentioned sporadically in the traditional exegetics. In modern times, its research generally starts with Ma Jian-zhong 's Ma Shi Wen Tong in 1898. It is believed that he "provides the embryonic form of modern word-formation study". After "Ma Shi Wen Tong", the problem of word formation of Chinese compound words has been paid more and more attention by Chinese scholars. A lot of research results have appeared in succession. However, the classification of different families is different, which shows as follows: different types of word-formation; Different names; The contents contained under the same or similar category of names are different; To some extent, some words are classified differently. To a certain extent, these differences reflect the different perspectives of scholars: they are more important than syntax, or more important than semantics, or more important than phonetics. This thesis focuses on grammar and semantics. From three angles of speech, combining the binosyllabic compound words based on the Chinese Dictionary, combining theory with practice, quantitative and qualitative analysis. By combining traditional Chinese studies with modern western theories, the author combs the development of word-formation studies for more than 100 years and analyzes them. The first part is the grammatical perspective. According to the syntactic structure of Chinese word-formation scholars put forward a variety of classification such as bias, object, juxtaposition, subject-predicate, predicate and complement, but through corpus analysis. It is found that the study of the structure of Chinese disyllabic compound words with simple syntactic structure is of little help to the understanding of a disyllabic word, because it is in the category of form and meaning. The second part is the semantic perspective, for the lack of formal changes in Chinese language, semantic research is particularly important. Therefore, the study of Chinese word formation synthetic words. It is necessary to explore the relationship between morpheme and morpheme and the relationship between morpheme meaning and word meaning, and to analyze the structure of morpheme by combining the word meaning at the beginning of word creation. Explore the key factors in the process of transforming a complex semantic structure into a fixed word form. The third part is phonological angle, syllable, tone. Three parts of prosody introduce the word formation of Chinese dicyllabic compound words, this part is a new perspective of word-formation research, Guo Shaoyu. Feng Shengli and others put forward some important theories, such as "elasticity theory" and "rhyme word-formation", and summarized and analyzed the word-formation of Chinese compound words from the angles of grammar, semantics and phonetics. Wang Ning points out the "non-syntactic nature" of Chinese word-formation, which advocates studying the rules of word-formation from the semantic point of view, and does not deny the achievements of studying Chinese word-formation from the perspective of grammar. It is necessary to combine the two theories, deepen the theory of word-formation, separate syntactic formation system and semantic word-formation system, and study from different angles, which will be closer to the reality of the structure of compound words.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H14

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本文編號：1461224