發(fā)布時間：2018-01-23 05:15

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 保安語 漢語方言 格范疇 語言接觸 瀕危語言　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：保安族是我國的少數(shù)民族之一,現(xiàn)有人口1.6萬左右,其中90%以上的人口聚居在甘肅省臨夏回族自治州積石山保安族東鄉(xiāng)族撒拉族自治縣境內(nèi),并且以大河家鎮(zhèn)的“保安三莊”(大墩、梅坡、甘河灘)最為密集。保安語是保安族的民族語言,但是近年來,由于漢語的強(qiáng)勢影響,保安人逐漸轉(zhuǎn)用漢語,保安語走向瀕危。 在大河家鎮(zhèn),漢族與各少數(shù)民族雜居,交往密切。當(dāng)?shù)氐臐h語方言與保安語、東鄉(xiāng)語、撒拉語等阿爾泰語系語言存在廣泛的語言接觸現(xiàn)象。保安族所轉(zhuǎn)用的漢語方言中具有獨特的用以表示格范疇的格標(biāo)記。本論文首先對格范疇進(jìn)行了靜態(tài)描寫,根據(jù)調(diào)查,保安族轉(zhuǎn)用的漢語方言共有5種格,每類格有各自的格標(biāo)記,并且在格標(biāo)記的使用上代際之間存在差異,同時,當(dāng)?shù)貪h語方言格范疇中出現(xiàn)了受漢語普通話影響的混合表達(dá)。然后,本論文對這些格標(biāo)記出現(xiàn)的原因進(jìn)行了探討。按照狹義格范疇的概念,漢語中是沒有格范疇和格標(biāo)記的。保安族轉(zhuǎn)用的漢語方言中的格標(biāo)記不是漢語自源的,而是在與當(dāng)?shù)厣贁?shù)民族所操的諸阿爾泰語系語言的接觸過程中產(chǎn)生的。這從外部社會歷史條件和語言自身內(nèi)部都能得到驗證。就語言本體而言,本論文具體對比分析了甘青民族地區(qū)臨夏話、唐汪話、西寧話、循化話和與之相關(guān)的少數(shù)民族語言保安語、東鄉(xiāng)語、土族語、撒拉語、西部裕固語的格標(biāo)記,從而在源頭上尋找甘青民族地區(qū)漢語方言中格標(biāo)記產(chǎn)生的原因。格標(biāo)記產(chǎn)生的途徑可能是漢語向阿爾泰語系語言的借貸,也可能是操阿爾泰語系語言的少數(shù)民族放棄母語,轉(zhuǎn)用漢語時的底層殘留,或者兩種方式兼而有之。無論通過哪種方式,格標(biāo)記進(jìn)入漢語都必須適應(yīng)漢語自身的語音、詞匯、語法系統(tǒng),所以,這些格標(biāo)記經(jīng)歷了一個本土化的改造過程。 本論文還通過調(diào)查問卷、訪談等方法獲得了保安族漢語轉(zhuǎn)用的具體情況,對保安語的瀕�，F(xiàn)狀、瀕危原因進(jìn)行了分析,并提出了一些建議。
[Abstract]:Security is one of the ethnic minorities in our country, the existing population is about 16,000, of which more than 90% people live in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province, Jishi Shan Security Dongxiang Sala Autonomous County. And in Dahejia Town "three Security Zhuang" (Dadun, Meipo, Ganhetan) is the most intensive. Security language is the national language of the security people, but in recent years, due to the strong influence of Chinese, security people gradually switch to Chinese. The language of security is on the verge of extinction. In Dahejia Town, the Han nationality and the various ethnic minorities live together and have close contact. The local Chinese dialect and Baoan language, Dongxiang language. Salar and other Altaic languages have extensive language contact phenomenon. The Chinese dialects converted by the security people have unique case marks to represent the case category. Firstly, this paper describes the case category statically. According to the survey, there are five types of Chinese dialects converted by the Gongan nationality, each case has its own case markers, and there are differences in the use of the case markers between generations, at the same time. Mixed expressions influenced by Chinese Putonghua appear in the category of local Chinese dialect case. Then, this paper discusses the reasons for the appearance of these case markers, according to the concept of narrow case category. There are no case categories and case markers in Chinese. The case markers in the converted Chinese dialects are not of Chinese origin. But in the process of contact with Altaic languages spoken by local minorities, which can be verified from the external social and historical conditions and the language itself. As far as language ontology is concerned. This paper specifically analyzes Linxia dialect, Tangwang dialect, Xining dialect, Xunhua dialect and the related minority language Baoyu, Dongxiang language, Turkish language, Salar language, western Yugu language. In order to find the source of the reasons for the occurrence of case markers in Chinese dialects in Gansu and Qinghai ethnic areas. The way to produce case markers may be the borrowing of Chinese from Altaic languages. It may also be that ethnic minorities who speak Altaic languages give up their mother tongue and switch to the bottom of the Chinese language, or both. Either way. Case markers entering Chinese must adapt to the phonetic, lexical and grammatical systems of Chinese itself. Therefore, these markers have undergone a process of localization. The paper also obtains the specific situation of the conversion of the Chinese language of the security nationality through questionnaire and interviews, analyzes the endangered status quo and the causes of the endangered language, and puts forward some suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H17;H234

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本文編號：1456813